What If? Conditionals & Passive Voice

Today: Learn first conditional (if...then) and passive voice for describing actions where the doer is unknown or unimportant.

Listen to These Three Ideas

"If it rains, I will stay home."

"This book is written by a famous author."

"These houses were built in 1990."

Different structures, different uses. First one is about possibilities. The other two are about actions without focusing on who does them.

🎙 Speak: What do you notice? In the first sentence, what's the condition? In the other two, why doesn't it matter who does the action?

Why Learn This?

Conditionals help you imagine possibilities and results. Passive voice lets you focus on what happened, not necessarily who did it. Both are everyday natural English.

First Conditional: If...Then

Use first conditional for real, possible situations in the future.

The Pattern

Formula: If + present simple, will + base verb

If I finish my work, I will go out.
If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
If it rains, we will stay inside.

How It Works

Key: Use first conditional for real situations now. Not impossible. Probably will happen.

Real Examples

"If you eat too much sugar, you will feel sick." Click

Condition: eating too much sugar (possible). Result: feeling sick (natural consequence).

"If she doesn't arrive soon, we will leave." Click

Condition: she doesn't arrive (possible). Result: we leave (what we plan to do).

"If you call me, I will answer." Click

Condition: you call (possible). Result: I answer (what I promise).

🎙 Speak: Create one first conditional sentence about something in your real life.

Your First Conditionals

Finish each sentence, then say it aloud:

1. "If I have time tomorrow, I will..."

Example: "If I have time tomorrow, I will go for a walk."

2. "If I pass this exam, I will..."

Example: "If I pass this exam, I will celebrate with my friends."

🎙 Speak: Tell me your two sentences.

Present Simple Passive: Focus on the Action

Passive voice moves the focus from "who does it" to "what happens to it."

Active vs. Passive

Active: The subject does the action.

"Amazon delivers packages."

Passive: The subject receives the action.

"Packages are delivered by Amazon."

Both say the same thing. But passive focuses on the packages, not Amazon.

The Pattern

Formula: subject + am/is/are + past participle (+ by + doer)

Meals are prepared every day.
This shirt is made in China.
These cars are built with modern technology.

When to Use Present Passive

Remember: The "by + doer" part is optional and often omitted.

Real Examples

"This website is updated every week." Click

Focus: the website and updates. Not important who updates it. General routine.

"French is spoken in many countries." Click

Focus: French language. Who speaks it (everyone in those countries) is not the point.

"This building is used for offices." Click

Focus: the building and its purpose. Who uses it is less important.

🎙 Speak: Tell me something that is done or made regularly.

Past Simple Passive: What Was Done

Use past passive when something happened in the past and the doer is unknown or unimportant.

The Pattern

Formula: subject + was/were + past participle (+ by + doer)

This house was built in 1980.
The letter was written yesterday.
These products were made in Korea.

When to Use Past Passive

Remember: was/were changes with the subject. was = I/he/she/it. were = you/we/they.

Real Examples

"This bridge was built fifty years ago." Click

Focus: the bridge and when it was built. The builders don't matter anymore.

"The dinner was served at 7 PM." Click

Focus: the dinner and when it happened. Who served it is not the focus.

"Many houses were damaged by the storm." Click

Focus: the houses and the damage. The "by the storm" explains what caused it.

🎙 Speak: Tell me something that was done or built in the past.

All Three: Compare & Contrast

Now see them working together.

The Full Picture

Structure Use Example
First Conditional
If + present, will...
Possible future scenarios "If it rains, we will stay home."
Present Passive
am/is/are + past participle
Actions now, doer unknown/unimportant "This shop is closed on Sundays."
Past Passive
was/were + past participle
Actions in past, doer unknown/unimportant "This building was built in 2010."

🎙 Speak: Look at the table. When do you focus on the action, not the doer?

Choose the Right One

1. Talk about what might happen: "If you exercise every day, you will..."

Which structure? Click

First Conditional. "If you exercise every day, you will become healthier." Possible future result.

2. Describe how something is made right now.

Which structure? Click

Present Passive. "This chocolate is made from cocoa beans." Focus on the product and process.

3. Tell when something was created or built.

Which structure? Click

Past Passive. "That church was built in 1900." Focus on what happened, not who built it.

🎙 Speak: Make one sentence for each structure.

Practice & Speak: Real Situations

Choose one card. Talk for 1-2 minutes using all three structures.

🏭
How Things Are Made
Explain a product: what it's made from, how it's made, what will happen if...
🏢
Your Town or City
Buildings, what was built when, how things are used, what will change if...
📱
Technology & Changes
What was invented, what is used now, what will happen if technology changes...

What to Include

2:00

🎙 Speak: Tell me about your chosen topic. Be natural. Use all three structures.

What You Can Do Now

I can...

...use first conditional for future possibilities, and passive voice to describe actions without focusing on the doer.

Recall Check

1. What's the pattern for first conditional?

Answer Click

If + present simple, will + base verb. Example: "If it rains, we will stay home."

2. When do you use passive voice?

Answer Click

When the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious. Focus on what happened, not who did it.

3. What's the difference between "was made" and "is made"?

Answer Click

"Was made" = past action. "Is made" = present or general routine. Same structure, different time.

Final Speaking Task

🎙 Speak: Tell me three sentences — one first conditional, one present passive, one past passive. Real life. Real you.