Warm-up

Let's see what comes to mind — no notes, and don't worry about mistakes.

You already know one job word.

My uncle drives a taxi every day. He's a taxi .

SPEAK

Say two jobs of people in your family or your friends — use the person word, not just the verb: "My sister is a ..." not "My sister teach."

Listen in on this conversation

Friend A: How was the film last night?

Friend B: Honestly? Really boring. I was so bored I nearly fell asleep.

Look at "boring" and "bored." They look similar, but they're not the same word. What's different about them, do you think? Say your idea out loud before you check.

Check your idea CLICK
"Boring" describes the film — it's the thing that causes the feeling. "Bored" describes Friend B — how they feel. Today you'll learn exactly when to use each one, plus two other ways English builds new words from ones you already know.
Today: three ways English builds new words — job words with -er/-or (teach → teacher), opposites with un- (happy → unhappy), and feeling words with -ed/-ing (bored/boring) — so you can talk about jobs, opposites and feelings in everyday conversation.

Job Words: Teacher, Driver, Actor

Turn an action into the person who does it — for jobs and everyday roles.

Spot the pattern

Three people and what they do:

Before you check: what do you add to the verb to name the person?

Check the pattern CLICK
Most of the time, add -er: teach → teacher, sing → singer. A smaller group adds -or instead: direct → director, act → actor. There's no rule for which one — you just learn them as you meet them.
verb + -er → the person who does it (most jobs)
verb + -or → the person who does it (a smaller group of jobs)
"She acts in films."
→
"She's an actor."
Watch out: a person who cooks is a cook — no ending at all! A "cooker" is the machine in the kitchen, not a person.

Your turn

1. My neighbour builds houses for a living.

He's a .

2. My cousin dances in a ballet company.

She's a .

3. A stranger knocked on our door today, just to see our garden — people do that sometimes in our village.

That kind of person is called a .

SPEAK

Say three jobs of people in your family or your friends — use the person word, not just the verb.

Opposites: Happy → Unhappy

Add a small piece to the front of an adjective to get its opposite.

Spot the pattern

Three everyday complaints:

What do all three bold words have in common? Say your idea before you check.

Check the pattern CLICK
un- + adjective = the opposite meaning. lucky → unlucky, kind → unkind, happy → unhappy. It's one of the most common ways to make an opposite in English.
un- + adjective → the opposite meaning (most adjectives)
Careful: not every adjective uses un-. "Possible" is irregular — the opposite is impossible (im-, not un-). There's no way to guess this one; you just have to learn it.

Your turn

1. These shoes hurt my feet after an hour of walking.

They're really (comfortable).

2. The new neighbour never says hello, even when you smile at him.

He seems quite (friendly).

3. My boss gave the best shifts to his favourite worker again this month.

That's really (fair) on everyone else.

SPEAK

Say two things that are unfair or unlucky about your week so far.

Feelings: Bored or Boring?

Two words from the same verb — one for how you feel, one for the thing that causes it.

Spot the pattern

Three everyday comments:

Which word describes the THING, and which describes the PERSON? Say your idea before you check.

Check the pattern CLICK
-ing describes the thing or situation that causes the feeling: a boring meeting, surprising news. -ed describes the person who feels it: I was bored, we were surprised.
the thing/situation that causes the feeling → adjective + -ing
the person who feels it → adjective + -ed
"This job bores me."
→
"I'm bored. The job is boring."
Big trap: "I am boring" does NOT mean you feel no interest — it means you make other people feel that way! If you mean YOU feel no interest, say "I am bored." And remember: you're interested in something, never "interesting in" it.

Your turn

1. I ran ten kilometres this morning without stopping.

Now I feel really (tire).

2. We had three long meetings today, one after another.

It was so (tire)!

3. My grandmother tried to use the new self-service checkout at the supermarket.

She looked completely (confuse).

SPEAK

Say three things that are boring or exciting for you — then say how they make you feel: "Long flights are boring, so I feel bored."

Your Turn to Talk

Time to use all three word-building tools in one real story — now it's your turn to talk it through.

The situation

Think of someone you know well — a family member, a friend, a neighbour. (If nobody comes to mind, invent someone.)

Talk about them out loud for one minute. Try to answer:

01:00

Now put it in writing

Write a short message (3–5 sentences) describing the same person to a friend. Use all three word types from today — the checker will tell you which ones it finds.

Mix It Up

Real life doesn't tell you which word-building rule to use. Here everything is mixed — you decide.

Fix the mistakes

Each sentence has one word-building mistake. Rewrite the whole sentence correctly.

1. "She is a cooker at a small restaurant in town."

2. "I'm boring today, there's nothing to do."

3. "It's unpossible to finish this report by Friday."

4. "I'm interesting in learning Spanish next year."

Which word fits?

5. My brother teaches guitar lessons every weekend. "He's a guitar ___."

6. I lost my passport the day before my flight. "This is so ___!"

7. The football match went to a penalty shootout. "It was so ___ to watch!"

SPEAK

One-minute challenge: describe your ideal weekend. Use at least one job word, one un- opposite, and one -ed/-ing feeling word. Use the timer above if you like the pressure.

What Do You Remember?

First, from earlier lessons

1. A different job for "-er" — comparing two things. Complete it:

My car is fast, but your car is even (fast).

2. Say it out loud: how do you usually make an adjective negative in English? Give one example.

Compare with a possible answer CLICK
One possible answer: add un- to the front — happy → unhappy. That's the most common way, but a few adjectives use a different piece instead, like possible → impossible.

Now, today's grammar — fresh sentences, no looking back

3. My neighbour designs buildings for a living.

She's a .

4. That old wooden bridge has cracks all over it.

It looks really (safe) to me.

5. I watched a scary film alone last night.

Now I feel (frighten).

Think back

Which practice helped you most today — fixing the mistakes, choosing the right word, or the speaking tasks? Say why you think that one worked for you.

Can you now...?

At the start we said: three ways to build new words so you can talk about jobs, opposites and feelings. Tick what's true:

Anything you didn't tick — go back to that tab and try the exercises once more. They'll still check your answers.