Warm-up

Out loud, before anything else — don't worry about mistakes, just talk.

SPEAK

Think about your own friends, family, or colleagues. Say one thing that's true of all of them, and one thing that's true of only one or two of them.

Listen in on this conversation

Sam: How was the barbecue?

Alex: Good, but there was hardly any food left by the time I got there — everyone was starving. Most of the neighbours came, actually.

Sam: Did everyone bring something?

Alex: Each person brought a dish, so there was loads of variety. Neither of the vegetarian options went down that well, though.

Look at what Alex says. Four small quantifier words are doing a lot of work in that short exchange. Can you spot all four? Say them before you check.

Check your answer CLICK
1. "hardly any food" — an amount close to zero.
2. "most of the neighbours" — a specific, known group, so it needs "of the".
3. "each person" — one at a time, individual attention.
4. "neither of the vegetarian options" — exactly two things, and the answer is no for both.

These small words carry huge amounts of meaning — get them slightly wrong and you say something you didn't mean at all.
Today: precise quantifiers — most / all / none (and when they need "of the"), amounts like plenty of / a great deal of / a large number of / hardly any, and every / each / both / either / neither — so you can talk exactly about groups, amounts, and pairs, instead of guessing.

Most, All, None

The words that describe a group — and the tiny rule that decides whether "of" belongs.

Spot the pattern

Two of these talk about people in general; one talks about a specific, known group. Which is which, and what changes in the grammar? Say it, then check.

Check the pattern CLICK
"Most people" talks about people everywhere — general, no specific group, so no "of". "Most of the people in my office" and "none of my neighbours" both name a specific, known group — a particular office, particular neighbours — so "of" appears, followed by something definite: "the", "my", "these", or a pronoun like "them"/"us". "Of" is never followed directly by a bare plural noun.
most / all / none + plural noun  (general — no "of")
most / all / none + OF + the / my / these / us / them  (specific, known group)
One trap: "of" is never followed straight by a bare noun. "All of shops were shut for the holiday" ✗ — you need either "all shops were shut" or "all of the shops were shut".

Quick check

1. You and seven friends run a book club. Six of the eight finished this month's book. Talk about that specific group with most + of + them:

finished before the meeting.

2. Now make a general comment, true of people everywhere — not one particular group:

enjoy a lie-in at the weekend if they can get one.

3. You personally know all six candidates who applied for a job. Not one of them got an interview. Say this with none:

got an interview, which surprised everyone.

Now say it

SPEAK

Out loud: say three true things about people in general, starting with "most people..." Then say three things about a specific group you actually know — your family, your colleagues, your class — starting with "most of them...", "all of them...", or "none of them...".

How Much, How Many

Matching the right amount-word to countable things you can number, and uncountable things you can't.

Spot the pattern

One of these amount-words works for almost anything. The other two are pickier. Which noun in each sentence is countable (you could count them one by one), and which is uncountable? Say it, then check.

Check the pattern CLICK
"Plenty of" is relaxed — it works with countable and uncountable nouns alike (plenty of time, plenty of seats). "Planning" is uncountable, and "a great deal of" only ever combines with uncountable nouns (money, effort, planning). "Parking tickets" is countable and plural, and "a large number of" only combines with countable nouns you could count one by one.
plenty of + countable or uncountable noun
a great deal of + uncountable noun only
a large number of + countable plural noun only
hardly any + countable or uncountable noun  (= almost none)
One trap: "hardly any" already means "almost none" — never add another negative. "There's hardly no time to finish this" ✗ → "There's hardly any time to finish this" ✓.

Quick check

1. Your fridge is nearly empty — just a couple of drops left. Use hardly any:

There's milk left — we need to shop today.

2. Everyone on the team stayed late all week to get the office ready for a move. "Effort" is uncountable — use a great deal of:

went into getting the office ready in time.

3. After a flight was delayed six hours, the airline's phones didn't stop ringing. "Complaints" is countable — use a large number of:

The airline received that day.

Now say it

SPEAK

Out loud, tell me: something there's plenty of in your life right now, something there's hardly any of, and one thing that took a great deal of effort recently.

Every, Each, Both, Either, Neither

Talking about a whole group at once, one member at a time, or exactly two things.

Spot the pattern

One of these treats the group as a single whole. One focuses on individuals, one by one. One is about exactly two people. Which is which? Say it, then check.

Check the pattern CLICK
"Every flat" states a general rule about the whole building, no exceptions — every always takes a singular noun straight after it, never "of". "Each guest" zooms in on individuals one at a time — each can also take "of" before a specific group: each of the guests. "Neither of my brothers" is only possible with exactly two people; both/either/neither all work this way — both (the two together), either (one of two), neither (not one of two).
every + singular noun  (no "of" — general rule, whole group)
each (of the) + singular noun  (one at a time, individual attention)
both / either / neither (of the / us / them)  (exactly two things)
One trap: "every" never takes "of". "Every of the shops closed early" ✗ → "Each of the shops closed early" ✓.

Quick check

1. You're stating a rule that's true of a whole hotel, no exceptions — speaking about the group as a whole. Use every + room:

in this hotel has sea views, without exception.

2. A tutor wants to speak to students one at a time, not as a group, giving individual feedback. Use each:

student gets five minutes alone with the tutor after the test.

3. You asked two university friends to lend you a printer. Both said they didn't have one. Use neither + of + them:

had a printer to spare.

Now say it

SPEAK

Out loud: say one rule that's true for every day of your week, describe a task where you dealt with people each one at a time, and tell me — of your two closest friends, does either of them, neither of them, or do both of them live near you?

Your Turn to Talk

Everything together, out loud. This is the whole point of the lesson.

Round 1 — you talk

Describe the people you live with, work with, or your family.

Talk for a full minute. Cover all three:

01:00

Round 2 — you ask

SPEAK

Now interview me about my own household or colleagues. Build your questions out loud with today's grammar:

  1. "Do most of...?" or "Does every...?" — one question about a general habit
  2. "Is there plenty of...? / hardly any...?" — one question about an amount
  3. "Do both of...? / Does either of...?" — one question comparing two specific people or things

Round 3 — pin it down in writing

Write 3–5 sentences describing the people you live with, work with, or your family — general truths, an amount, and a comparison between two people. The checker will tell you which tools it finds.

Mix It Up

Real conversation never tells you which quantifier to reach for. Here everything's shuffled.

Which fits?

1. Complete: "___ people are nervous about public speaking, at least a little."

2. Complete: "The charity received ___ donations after the appeal went out on TV."

3. Complete: "I asked both of my flatmates about the broken window, and ___ knew what happened."

Fix the mistakes

Each one has a single quantifier slip. Say the correct version out loud first, then type the whole sentence.

4. "Most of people in my street are friendly."

5. "A great deal of friends came to the party."

6. "There's hardly no money left in the account."

7. "Every of them agreed with the plan."

What Do You Remember?

Quick recall first

1. Fill the gap with some or any: "Is there milk left in the fridge?"

2. Fill the gap with much or many: "How time do we have before the meeting?"

Say first, then check — fresh situations, no looking back

3. You've served hundreds of tourists at the shop this summer, but you don't know them personally — speak generally, no "of":

tourists just want quick directions — they're not looking for a long chat.

4. Your street recycled far more than usual this week. "Bottles" is countable — use a large number of:

We recycled this week — the bin was much heavier than usual.

5. You have two job offers and honestly like them equally well. Use both:

jobs pay well, so the decision isn't really about money.

One last minute of talk

SPEAK

Close the loop: which felt trickiest today — knowing when "of the" belongs, matching the right amount-word to a countable or uncountable noun, or choosing between every/each/both/either/neither? Say why, out loud.

Can you now...?

We said: precise quantifiers so you can talk exactly about groups, amounts, and pairs. Tick what's true:

Anything unticked — go back to that tab and run its speaking round again. The checkers will still be there.