Warm-up

Have a go — no notes, and don't worry about getting it perfect first time.

Start with a form you already use without thinking. Complete this sentence:

"I'm really looking forward to (see) you next week."

SPEAK

Say two things you noticed someone doing recently — not the whole story, just what you happened to catch a glimpse of them in the middle of. Any two examples from your day.

Listen in on this conversation

Jen: Did you hear? Marcus quit.

Tom: What? I saw him leaving the office at five, like normal.

Jen: Apparently he'd already handed in his notice weeks ago — he just hadn't told anyone.

Tom: Typical. Nobody enjoys being the one to announce bad news.

Look closely at what Tom says. He says "I saw him leaving the office" — not "I saw him leave the office." Why might that tiny difference matter? Say your idea out loud before you check.

Check your idea CLICK
"Leaving" (-ing) suggests Tom only glimpsed part of the action — Marcus mid-way through walking out, at five, "like normal." That's exactly why it didn't strike Tom as unusual: a glimpse in progress doesn't tell you the whole story. If Tom had watched Marcus clear his desk, hand in his keys and walk out for good, he'd say "I saw him leave" — the complete action, start to finish. That tiny choice — one word ending in -ing or not — carries real information, and native speakers make it instinctively.
Today: perfect and passive non-finite forms — having done / to have done and being done / to be done — the difference between "saw him leave" and "saw him leaving," and four everyday phrasal verbs, so you can talk precisely about the past, describe what's happening around you, and sound natural discussing plans and complaints.

Placing It Earlier: "seems to have..." / "admits having..."

For talking about something that happened before another point in time — before now, or before you found out.

Spot the pattern

Three everyday remarks:

Before you check: what do all three bold phrases have in common, and what time are they really pointing to?

Check the pattern CLICK
Each one has two parts: have + past participle, either after "to" (perfect infinitive) or after "-ing" (perfect gerund — technically, when "having" combines with a past participle like this, it's a perfect participle functioning as a gerund). Both point to something that happened earlier than the main verb — before he seemed it, before she admitted it, before they claimed it.
seem / appear / claim / pretend + to have + past participle
admit / deny / remember / regret + having + past participle

From two separate moments to one sentence

"He lost his job. Now he looks stressed."
→
"He seems to have lost his job."

The losing happened first; the "seeming" is now. "To have lost" places the action clearly before the moment you're speaking.

Your turn

Complete each sentence. Type only the missing verb phrase.

1. The window's wide open and there's mud on the sill — somebody clearly got out that way.

Report what you think happened: "The thief seems through the back window."

2. David didn't finish the marathon — he gave up at mile 20 — but he's telling everyone he did.

Call him out: "David the marathon."

3. It took him years, but he finally owned up to it — he'd lied about his exam results, right back when he applied for the job.

Explain what happened: "He finally admitted about his exam results."

SPEAK

Think of someone who claims to have done something impressive that you're not sure you believe. Say two sentences about it: "[Name] claims to have..." and "I don't remember [him/her] ever..."

What's Done to You, and What You Catch Someone Doing

Two more choices that native speakers make automatically — passive non-finite forms, and how much of an action you actually witnessed.

Spot the pattern: being done / to be done

Three everyday complaints and updates:

What's the structure this time — and who's doing the action?

Check the pattern CLICK
being + past participle (passive gerund), or to be + past participle (passive infinitive). Notice nobody says who tells you, delivers the parcel, or keeps you waiting — the focus is entirely on what happens to the subject.
being + past participle
to be + past participle
"Someone kept us waiting for an hour. We hated it."
→
"We hated being kept waiting for an hour."

Your turn

1. The plumber promised he'd come and fix the leak — it hasn't happened yet, but it's arranged for tomorrow.

Update your flatmate: "The leak's due tomorrow."

2. People often stop him in the street to ask for directions, and he really can't stand it.

Describe how he feels: "He dislikes in the street by strangers."

3. Everyone kept talking over her in the meeting, and she hated every second of it.

Tell a friend afterwards: "She hated in the meeting."

SPEAK

Say two things that annoy you being done to you regularly — interrupted, kept waiting, told what to do — and one thing that's due or supposed to happen soon, using "to be...".

Spot the pattern: seeing the whole thing, or catching a moment

Three things people noticed:

Two of these use the bare verb, one always uses -ing. What's the difference in meaning?

Check the pattern CLICK
After see / watch / hear / notice + object, the bare infinitive ("get," "drive") reports the whole action, start to finish. The -ing form ("crossing") reports only part of it — you caught a moment in progress. After catch or find + object, it's always -ing — you're describing discovering someone in the act.
see / watch / hear / notice + object + infinitive (no "to") → the whole action
see / watch / hear / notice + object + verb-ing → part of it, in progress
catch / find + object + verb-ing → discovered someone in the act

Your turn

1. You glance out at the garden for a second and spot something — it's mid-stride, going over the fence.

Describe the glimpse: "I noticed a fox over the fence."

2. From your window you watched the whole thing happen: a cyclist lost control on the ice and landed hard right in front of the shop.

Tell the full story: "I watched a cyclist on the ice and land right in front of the shop."

3. Security reviewed the footage and discovered what she'd been doing at the till.

Report the finding: "Security caught the employee cash from the register."

SPEAK

Tell me about something you once saw happen completely, start to finish, and something you only caught a glimpse of, still in progress. Use "I saw/watched... [do]" for the whole thing and "...[doing]" for the glimpse.

Phrases That Do a Lot of Work

Four phrasal verbs that sound completely natural in conversation — and would sound stiff if you replaced them with their one-word equivalents.

Spot the pattern

Three things you might say to a friend:

Try saying each one with a single formal verb instead — tolerate, depend on, finally do. Does it still sound like something you'd say to a friend?

Check the pattern CLICK
Probably not — "she tolerates him" or "it'll depend on the flight prices" are correct, but they sound like a report, not a conversation. These fixed, multi-word verbs are what a native speaker actually reaches for. And notice: after get around to, "to" behaves like a preposition, not an infinitive marker — so it's followed by a gerund: get around to fixing, never "get around to fix."
put up with + noun / -ing = tolerate
come down to + noun / -ing = the real deciding factor is
do away with + noun = get rid of, abolish
get around to + -ing = finally find time for, after a delay
Register note: in speech, all four sound completely natural. In a formal report you might switch to tolerate, essentially depend on, abolish/eliminate, or simply finally do — but in a real conversation, using the formal version usually sounds odd, not impressive.

Your turn

1. He hates the noise from the upstairs flat but never complains — he just deals with it quietly, night after night.

Say what you think: "I can't imagine that kind of noise every night."

2. Looking back at the trip that almost didn't happen, everyone agreed on one thing afterwards.

Sum it up: "It really money, in the end."

3. You keep meaning to reply to his message. Somehow, every day, you don't actually do it.

Admit it: "I keep meaning to reply to his message, but I never ."

4. Which sounds most natural in a casual chat with a friend about a pointless rule at work?

SPEAK

Think of a rule or habit you'd get rid of if you could, and something you keep meaning to do but never find time for. Say one sentence with "do away with" and one with "get around to."

Your Turn to Talk

Time to bring perfect forms, passive forms and today's phrasal verbs together in one real update — out loud, then in writing.

The situation

Think of a change happening in your life right now — a move, a new job, a relationship, a decision you're wrestling with. (If nothing comes to mind, invent one.)

Talk about it out loud for one minute. Try to answer:

01:00

Now put it in writing

Write a short message (3–5 sentences) to a friend about the same situation. Try to include a perfect form (to have.../having...), a passive form (being.../to be...), and one of today's phrasal verbs. The checker will tell you which ones it finds.

Mix It Up

Nothing here is sorted by type. Everything's mixed — you decide which form fits.

Fix the mistakes

Each sentence has one grammar mistake. Rewrite the whole sentence correctly.

1. "She denied to have taken the money."

2. "The room needs to being cleaned before the guests arrive."

3. "I saw him to leave the party early last night."

4. "I really can't put up his complaining anymore."

Which form fits?

5. "He ___ recently — I heard he lost his job and it's been a rough few weeks."

6. "I really don't enjoy ___ mid-sentence — it's so rude."

7. "I looked over and ___ quietly out of the meeting halfway through — I don't think anyone else even noticed."

SPEAK

One-minute challenge: describe an office or shared house you know. Say what someone claims to have already sorted out, what still needs to be done, and something everyone just puts up with. Use the timer above if you like the pressure.

What Do You Remember?

First, from earlier lessons

1. A simpler form you already knew before today — complete it: "I (stop) five years ago and I feel so much healthier now."

2. Say it out loud: what's the difference in meaning between "I stopped to smoke" and "I stopped smoking"?

Compare with the answer CLICK
"I stopped to smoke" means I paused what I was doing in order to have a cigarette (stop + to-infinitive = purpose). "I stopped smoking" means I quit the habit (stop + -ing = the activity that ended). Same two words, opposite kind of meaning — a classic trap.

Now, today's grammar — fresh sentences, no looking back

3. He's acting completely surprised, but honestly, you think he already knew — for ages. Say it: "He about this for ages."

4. Someone keeps making people wait outside in the rain for a bus that never comes, and it's driving everyone mad. Complain about it: "Nobody enjoys to wait in the rain."

5. After years of noise complaints, the council finally stopped allowing late-night deliveries downtown. Report it: "The city finally late-night deliveries downtown."

Think back

Which was hardest to hear the difference in today — "saw him leave" versus "saw him leaving," or "having done" versus "to have done"? Say why you think that one is trickier for you.

Can you now...?

At the start we said: perfect and passive forms, whole actions versus glimpses, and four phrasal verbs. Tick what's true:

Anything you didn't tick — go back to that tab and try the exercises once more. They'll still check your answers.