IB DP · English A Language & Literature

Paper 1 — The Learning Pathway

From first read to Band 7 essay. Six lessons. One route. One paragraph shape. One self-mark protocol.

Exam Length
1 hr 15 min (SL) · 2 hr 15 min (HL)
Text Count
1 text (SL) · 2 texts (HL)
Assessment
Criterion A — Analysis & Evaluation

What The Exam Demands

1

A guided textual analysis of an unseen non-literary text. Students analyse how authorial choices shape meaning for a reader — and support every claim with precise textual reference.

Guiding Question

?

Each text comes with a focusing question — e.g. "How does the writer portray the relationship between..." — that directs the analysis. Students must answer it, not just describe the text.

What Band 7 Looks Like

7

Insightful, convincing, nuanced analysis of authorial choices. Evaluation demonstrates critical awareness. Every claim supported by well-chosen references. The writer sounds in control.

The Six-Stage Pathway

Each lesson builds one specific skill, in order. No stage is skippable.

Three Levels of Analysis

What → How → Why
Observation Technique Purpose

Naming the Technique

Precise vocabulary for what the writer did
Metaphor Juxtaposition Tricolon

Effect on the Reader

Technique is the cause. Effect is the point.
Effect verbs Tone Positioning

The PACER Framework

One paragraph shape. Every time.
Point Analysis Comparison Effect Reader

Comparing, Not Stapling

Weave the texts. Do not list them.
Linking phrases Contrast Thread

Full Essay + Self-Marking

75 minutes. 5 paragraphs. Band 7.
Timed Rubric Self-audit

Band Progression — IB DP Criterion A

Where the course takes a student. Entry-point is roughly Band 4; the target is the top of Band 7.

1–2Descriptive
3–4Some analysis
5–6Appropriate & relevant
7–8Insightful & convincing
"I saw some things."
"I named some things."
"I analysed most things."
"I argued an interpretation."

The PACER Paragraph — a closer look

The single structural move that unlocks Band 6 and above. Every body paragraph follows this shape.

P
Point
One clear argument about the text.
A
Analysis
Short quotation, named technique.
C
Comparison
Second text or second moment. Linked.
E
Effect
A precise effect verb — unsettles, amplifies, destabilises.
R
Reader
Why this matters to the reader's experience.

Text Types Students Will Face

The exam text is always unseen. Over the course, a student practises on all of these.

Newspaper article
Non-literary
Political speech
Non-literary
Advertisement
Non-literary
Travel brochure
Non-literary
Memoir extract
Non-literary
Blog post
Non-literary
Political cartoon
Non-literary
Public letter
Non-literary
Poem
Literary (context)
Prose extract
Literary (context)

Where the Pathway Ends

A student who has completed all six lessons can walk into the Paper 1 exam, open an unseen text, and — in 75 minutes — produce a five-paragraph response with a clear argument, three analysed moves, precise effect verbs, and a self-mark audit already running in their head.

6
Lessons
5
Paragraphs
75m
In the exam
7
Target band