LONGER READS · EPISODE 3 OF 3 · A2/B1 · 50 min

The Metamorphosis — Episode 3

The end of Franz Kafka's story: a tired family, three strange lodgers, a sister's violin — and a sunny day.

Today: you'll read the end of the story, and practise too and enough with feeling words — too tired, too weak, not strong enough, brave enough.
Previously… Grete looks after Gregor. She brings him food and cleans his room. She and their mother take the furniture out of his room, and Gregor holds on to a picture on the wall. His mother sees him and faints. His father comes home in a new uniform — he has a job now. He is very angry, and he throws apples at Gregor. One apple goes into Gregor's back. His mother asks the father, “Please don't kill him!”
Before we read:
  • Last time you predicted what would happen next. Were you right?
  • When you are very tired after work, what can't you do?
  • Is there a song or a piece of music that makes you feel something strong? What?

Key words — think first, then check

Ten words for the last episode. Think first — then check with Reveal.

A · What do they mean here? Look at the sentence

Read the sentence. What does the word in bold mean? Say it, then reveal.

1. She worked for twelve hours today. Now she just wants to sit down and close her eyes. She is very tired.
tired (adj) — you need to rest or sleep. tired of something = bored with it, you don't want it any more.
2. The student pays money every month to live in one room of the old lady's house. He is her lodger.
a lodger (n) — a person who pays to live in a room in somebody else's home.
3. Nobody cleaned the old room for months. There was grey dust on the floor, on the table and on the books.
dust (n) — very small, dry, grey bits of dirt. Adjective: dusty. Verb: to dust = to clean it away.
4. They needed money, so they sold their car and took the bus.
to sell (v), past: sold — to give something to somebody and get money for it. Opposite: to buy.

B · Which word means…?

Choose from: sunshine · a violin · a tram. Say the word, then reveal.

5. …a kind of bus that runs on metal lines in the street?
a tram (n) — We took the tram to the city centre.
6. …the light and warm feeling from the sun?
sunshine (n) — We sat in the sunshine.
7. …a musical instrument made of wood, with four strings — you hold it under your chin?
a violin (n) — She plays the violin. A person who plays it: a violinist.

C · Choose the meaning — a / b / c

8. After the party the kitchen was very dirty — there were plates and food everywhere.
  (a) not clean   (b) small   (c) dark
(a) — dirty (adj) = not clean. Noun: dirt. Opposite: clean.
9. The door was stuck, so he pushed it hard with his shoulder, and it opened.
  (a) pulled it towards him   (b) closed it   (c) moved it away from him with force
(c) — to push (v). Opposite: to pull. You see these words on doors: PUSH / PULL.

D · Word families & two meanings

10. Look at these two sentences. What is the difference between alone and lonely?
(1) I like to walk alone in the morning. It's quiet and nice.
(2) Since his wife died, he is very lonely.
alone = without other people (it can be good or bad). lonely = sad because you are alone and nobody is with you. You can be alone and happy — but lonely is always sad.

Now use them — out loud

Talk it through before we read:
  • Which of the ten words can you use about Gregor now? Which about his family?
  • Use tired, lodger and violin to guess what happens in this last episode.

Episode 3, in three parts

Kafka's story, told again in easier English. Read each part; after it, try the quick check from memory, then talk about the question.

Part 1 — A tired family

The apple stays in Gregor's back. Nobody takes it out. For a month he is very ill. He is too weak to climb the walls now. He walks across his room very slowly, like an old man.

But every evening the family opens the door to the living room. Gregor lies in the dark and watches them at the table. He can hear them talk. He likes this very much.

Everybody is tired now. The father works in a bank. He wears his blue uniform all day and all evening, and he falls asleep in his chair after dinner. The mother sews clothes for a shop. Grete works in a shop too, and in the evenings she learns French. Nobody talks much.

The family has less money now. They sell the mother's and Grete's jewellery. They want to move to a smaller flat, but they can't — because of Gregor.

Grete is too busy and too tired to look after Gregor well. In the morning she pushes some food into his room with her foot. In the evening she takes it out again. Gregor doesn't eat it. His room is dirty. There is dust everywhere.

There is a new cleaning woman now — a big, strong old woman. She is not afraid of Gregor. She opens his door and says, “Come here, you old beetle!” Gregor doesn't move.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. Why does Gregor like the evenings?

2. What does each person in the family do now?

1. The family opens the door, and he can lie in the dark, watch them at the table and hear them talk.

2. The father works in a bank; the mother sews clothes for a shop; Grete works in a shop and learns French in the evenings.

Discuss:
  • Grete doesn't look after Gregor well now. Is she a bad sister — or just too tired? What do you think?

Part 2 — The violin

The family needs more money, so three men come to live in one of the rooms. They are lodgers. They all have big beards. They want everything clean and tidy. All the old things from the flat go into Gregor's room — boxes, old chairs, even the rubbish bin.

One evening Grete plays her violin in the kitchen. The lodgers hear it. “Please, come and play for us in the living room,” they say. So Grete comes in and plays for them. The father and mother watch her. They are very proud.

Gregor hears the music. It is beautiful. He comes slowly out of his room and into the living room. He is covered in dust and dirt, but he doesn't care. He only wants to be near his sister.

The lodgers are bored. They don't listen to the music. They stand at the window and smoke. But Gregor loves it. He thinks: Is this music the food I need? He wants to take Grete into his room and tell her his secret: I wanted to send you to music school. I wanted to tell everybody at Christmas.

Suddenly one of the lodgers points at Gregor. “Mr Samsa!” The music stops. The lodgers are angry. “This flat is disgusting,” says one. “We are leaving, and we will not pay you anything!” They go into their room and shut the door — bang!

The father falls into his chair. The mother's hands shake, and the violin falls on the floor. Gregor is too weak to move. He waits.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What do the lodgers do while Grete plays?

2. What happens when the lodgers see Gregor?

1. They are bored — they stand at the window and smoke. They don't really listen.

2. They are angry. They say the flat is disgusting, they are leaving, and they will not pay.

Discuss:
  • Only Gregor really loves the music. What does that tell you about him? Is he an animal, or is he still a person?

Part 3 — “At last!”

Grete hits the table with her hand. “Mother, Father, we can't go on like this,” she says. “I won't say my brother's name in front of this animal. We must get rid of it. We did everything we could.”

“She's right,” says the father.

“It isn't Gregor,” says Grete, and she cries. “If it was Gregor, he would understand. He would go away. Then we could remember him and live our lives.”

Gregor doesn't want to frighten anybody. Slowly, slowly, he turns round and goes back to his room. It is very far. He is very weak. At the door he looks back one last time at his mother. She is asleep.

Grete runs and closes the door behind him. She locks it. “At last!” she says.

In the dark, Gregor can't move any more. But he doesn't feel much pain. He thinks about his family with love. He agrees with Grete: he must go. At three o'clock in the morning, the sky outside the window begins to get light. Then his head goes down, and he dies quietly.

In the morning the cleaning woman finds him. “Come and look!” she calls. “It's dead!”

The family comes. “Well,” says the father, “now we can thank God.” Grete looks at Gregor. “He was so thin,” she says. “He didn't eat for a long time.” The cleaning woman opens the window. It is the end of March, and the air is warm.

That day, the father, the mother and Grete don't go to work. They take a tram out of the city, into the country. The tram is full of sunshine. They talk about the future. Their jobs are good. They can move to a smaller, cheaper flat. The parents look at Grete. She is a beautiful young woman now. Soon, they think, she can find a good husband. At the end of the ride, Grete stands up and stretches in the sun.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What does Grete say the family must do?

2. What does the family do the day after Gregor dies?

1. Get rid of “it”. She says it isn't Gregor — if it was, he would go away.

2. They don't go to work. They take a tram into the country in the sunshine and talk about the future: good jobs, a smaller flat, a husband for Grete.

Discuss:
  • The story ends with sunshine and a happy family. How do you feel about this ending? Happy, sad, angry?

Grammar — too and enough

In this episode, everybody has a problem: the father is too tired, Gregor is too weak, the flat is too big. We use too and enough to talk about these problems.

1 · too + adjective = more than is good (a problem)
• This coffee is too hot. I can't drink it.
• I'm too tired to go out tonight. (too + adjective + to + verb)
Careful: too ≠ very. It's very hot (just a fact). It's too hot (there is a problem).
2 · adjective + enough = as much as you need
• She is old enough to drive. (enough comes AFTER the adjective)
• He isn't tall enough to reach the shelf.
Never: enough tall.
3 · Two ways to say the same thing
• The box is too heavy for me. = The box isn't light enough for me.
• I'm too young to vote. = I'm not old enough to vote.

1. too or enough?

Write too or enough.

1. Gregor is weak to climb the walls now.

2. Grete is busy to clean Gregor's room well.

3. The flat is big for the family now.

4. Gregor isn't strong to move after the lodgers leave.

5. The lodgers aren't interested to listen to the music.

6. Grete is old to find a husband, her parents think.

1. too

2. too

3. too

4. enough

5. enough

6. enough

2. Say it the other way

Write one word — the opposite adjective.

1. Gregor is too weak to move. = Gregor isn't enough to move.

2. The new flat must not be too expensive. = The new flat must be enough.

3. The family is too sad to talk. = The family isn't enough to talk.

4. The room is too dirty for visitors. = The room isn't enough for visitors.

1. strong

2. cheap

3. happy

4. clean

3. Put the words in order

Write the words in the right order.

1. (tired / too / to / is) The father go to bed.

2. (brave / enough / is) The cleaning woman to talk to Gregor.

3. (isn't / enough / interesting) The music for the lodgers — they are bored.

1. is too tired to

2. is brave enough

3. isn't interesting enough

Remember: too goes BEFORE the adjective; enough goes AFTER it.

Now talk about you: say one thing you are too tired to do tonight, and one thing you are old enough to do now.

Going deeper — the whole story

Franz Kafka wrote this story in 1912. He lived in Prague and worked in an insurance office, and he wrote at night. He did not want the insect in any picture on the cover of the book. He wanted us to imagine it ourselves.

Think about the story from the beginning. When Gregor is a man, he works and his family doesn't. When he is an insect, his family starts to work — and they become stronger. Gregor gets weaker and weaker.

Nobody in the story asks why Gregor changed. They only ask: what can we do with him? That is maybe the saddest thing in the book.

Go deeper — talk it through

Discuss:
  • At the start, Grete loves Gregor and looks after him. At the end she says, “We must get rid of it.” Why does she change?
  • Is the family bad? Or are they normal people with a very big problem?
  • Kafka didn't want a picture of the insect. Why not, do you think?

Speak

Now it's your turn to speak. Use the timer — try to keep talking until the time is up.

Useful language: …is too tired to… / …isn't strong enough to… / …is old enough to…. For opinions: “I think…”, “In my opinion…”, “I agree / I don't agree because…”.
Time remaining: 4:00
Task A · Tell the end of the story (4 minutes)

Tell this episode to a friend: the apple → the open door → everybody works → the dirty room → the cleaning woman → the lodgers → the violin → Gregor comes out → the lodgers leave → “We must get rid of it” → “At last!” → three o'clock in the morning → the tram in the sunshine.

Use too and enough at least three times each, and use at least five words from today (tired, lodger, dust, sell, sunshine, violin, tram, dirty, push, lonely).

Task B · Is Grete right? (4 minutes)

Grete says, “We must get rid of it.” Is she right or wrong? Think about her work, her tired parents, the lodgers and the money. Give three reasons.

Task C · Your verdict on the whole story (4 minutes)

You have read all three episodes. Did you like the ending? Who is most to blame for what happened to Gregor? Say what you think and why.

Not sure what to talk about? Choose one:

  • I think the ending is sad, because…
  • I think the ending is happy for the family, because…
  • Gregor's job is the real problem, because…
  • The family is to blame, because…
  • Nobody is to blame, because…

To finish — the bigger questions

  1. Gregor worked very hard for his family. Is it good to work very hard for other people? When is it too much?
  2. Who looks after old or ill people in your country — the family, or other people? What is better?
  3. Would you tell a friend to read this story? Why, or why not?
  4. Before you go — from memory: say two sentences about the story with too and two with enough. Then say one of them the other way: too weak = not strong enough.