SHORT STORIES, LONG SHADOWS · B2/C1 · 50 min

The Cop and the Anthem

O. Henry's tale of a homeless man who tries everything to get arrested for the winter — and of the one plan he never made.

Today: you'll follow a man on the streets of New York who is determined to spend the cold winter somewhere warm — and you'll master the English of plans and intentions that don't go the way we expect: was going to, was about to, planned to, and would.
Warm up — before we read. Talk these through out loud with your teacher:
  • When the weather turns bitterly cold, where do people who have no home go? What choices does a city leave them?
  • Have you ever wanted something so badly that the harder you tried, the more it slipped away?
  • What might make a person suddenly decide to change the whole direction of their life?

The words for today's story

Each new word is hidden in a sentence. Read it aloud and say what you think the bold word means from the rest of the sentence — then reveal it and see how close you were.

1. As the first hard frost settled over the park, the old man on the bench pulled his thin coat tighter and knew that destitute as he was, he could not survive the winter outdoors.
destitute (adj) — extremely poor; without money, food or a home.
2. He had no wish to beg for charity; he would rather earn his shelter, even if that meant earning it the wrong way.
charity (n) — help, money or food given freely to people in need.
3. A warm cell and three regular meals seemed almost like a comfortable refuge compared with a freezing night on a park bench.
a refuge (n) — a safe place that gives shelter or protection from danger or hardship.
4. He decided he would commit a small, harmless misdemeanour — nothing serious, just enough to have a police officer take him away.
a misdemeanour (n) — a minor offence against the law; a small wrongdoing rather than a serious crime.
5. He walked confidently up to the restaurant window with every intention to swindle the owner out of a good meal he had no way of paying for.
to swindle (v) — to cheat someone out of money or goods by deception.
6. The waiters were unimpressed by his shabby trousers and broken shoes, and their cold contempt made it clear he was not welcome.
contempt (n) — a strong feeling that someone or something is worthless or beneath respect.
7. He tried to cause a scene, but the passers-by simply stepped around him, entirely indifferent to the ragged man shouting on the corner.
indifferent (adj) — showing no interest, care or concern about someone or something.
8. Time after time his plans backfired: the very trouble he was chasing kept turning into good luck he did not want.
to backfire (v) — to have the opposite effect to the one intended; to go wrong in an ironic way.
9. Drifting from the open door of a church, the soft music of the evening anthem stopped him where he stood.
an anthem (n) — a solemn or uplifting song, often religious, sung by a choir or congregation.
10. Standing in the lamplight, he felt a sudden resolve to leave the streets behind, find honest work, and become the man he might have been.
resolve (n) — firm determination to do something; a strong decision to act.

Now use them — out loud

Talk it through before we read:
  • Using destitute, refuge, misdemeanour and backfire, predict: what do you think the man in this story is trying to do, and why?
  • Which of these words carry a feeling of hardship, and which carry a feeling of hope? Sort them out loud and say why.

The story, in three parts

Read each part. After it, there's a quick comprehension check (try the questions from memory first), then one thing to discuss.

Part 1 — A plan for the winter

On his bench in Madison Square, Soapy stirred uneasily. When wild geese honk high at night, and when a man feels the chill of winter in his bones, you may know that winter is near. A dead leaf fell into Soapy's lap. That was Jack Frost's card, and Soapy understood it well: it was time to find shelter for the cold months ahead.

Soapy was a homeless man, and every year, as the weather turned, he made the same plan. He had no wish to beg for charity, and he had no love of the countryside. What he wanted was three months of warmth and regular meals, safe from the north wind. And every year, the answer was the same: Blackwell's Island, the city prison. There, at least, a man had a roof and a bed and company.

To get there, of course, a man had to be arrested. So Soapy, destitute and shivering, formed his simple intention. He would commit some small misdemeanour — nothing cruel, nothing violent — and a police officer would do the rest. A warm cell for the winter seemed to him a perfectly reasonable refuge. All he had to do was get caught.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What sign tells Soapy that winter is coming, and what does he want for the cold months?

2. What is Soapy's plan for finding shelter, and where does he hope to end up?

1. A dead leaf falls in his lap — "Jack Frost's card." He wants three months of warmth, food and shelter from the winter cold.

2. He plans to commit a small offence so that he will be arrested and sent to Blackwell's Island prison, where he'll have a warm cell for the winter.

Discuss:
  • Soapy would rather be arrested than accept charity. What does that choice tell us about him — and about how he sees his own dignity?

Part 2 — Every attempt goes wrong

Soapy set to work. First he strolled towards a grand restaurant, meaning to eat a fine dinner and then calmly announce he could not pay — a small swindle that would surely bring a policeman. But at the door the head waiter's eye fell on his frayed trousers and ruined shoes, and strong hands turned him quietly out onto the pavement. No dinner, no arrest.

Next he picked up a stone and shattered a shop window, then stood proudly beside it, waiting for the law. When the officer came running, Soapy was sure his moment had arrived. But the policeman refused to believe that the man who broke a window would wait around to be caught, and he chased instead after someone hurrying for a tram. Soapy walked away, disgusted.

So it went, again and again. He ate a modest meal in a cheaper place and confessed he had no money, hoping to be handed to the police — but the waiters simply threw him into the gutter and turned their backs with cold contempt. He behaved badly on a busy corner to be charged with disorder — but a passing officer took him for a harmless student and left him alone. Every plan he made backfired. The city, it seemed, was serenely indifferent to his crimes, and the warm cell stayed as far away as ever.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. Describe two of the things Soapy tries in order to get himself arrested.

2. Why does each attempt fail? What is the pattern?

1. Any two: he tries to eat at a grand restaurant without paying; he smashes a shop window and waits; he eats at a cheap place and admits he can't pay; he behaves badly ("disorderly") on a busy corner.

2. Each time the world refuses to punish him — he's thrown out before he can offend, the officer suspects someone else, the waiters won't call the police, he's mistaken for a harmless student. The more he tries, the more it backfires.

Discuss:
  • There is dark comedy in a man failing to get arrested. But underneath the humour, what is O. Henry showing us about how a city treats a poor man?

Part 3 — The anthem, and the twist

Cold and defeated, Soapy drifted back towards Madison Square. Then, from the open door of an old church, he heard music — an organ playing a sweet, familiar anthem. He stopped. The tune carried him back to the person he had once been: a life with a mother, with friends, with clean thoughts and honest hopes, before the streets had worn him down.

A wonderful change came over him. He was disgusted with the life he had fallen into. In that moment a new resolve rose in him: he would pull himself out of the mud. Tomorrow he would go into the roaring downtown district and find work. A man had once offered him a job; he would find that man. He would be someone in the world again. For the first time in years, Soapy meant to make an honest plan and keep it.

As he stood there, filled with this bright new intention, he felt a hand on his arm. He turned to see the broad face of a policeman. "What are you doing here?" the officer asked. "Nothing," said Soapy. "Then come along," said the policeman. The next morning, at the police court, the magistrate spoke the sentence: three months on Blackwell's Island. Soapy had got exactly what he had chased all winter — at the very moment he had finally decided he no longer wanted it.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What does Soapy hear outside the church, and how does it change him?

2. What is the final twist of the story?

1. He hears an organ playing an anthem. It reminds him of his better, honest past and fills him with a resolve to change his life and find work.

2. At the exact moment he decides to go straight, a policeman arrests him for loitering, and he is sentenced to three months on Blackwell's Island — the very thing he'd tried and failed to achieve all winter.

Discuss:
  • The arrest comes precisely when Soapy stops wanting it. Does the ending feel like cruel bad luck, like fate, or like something else entirely?

Grammar — future-in-the-past & intentions

This whole story runs on plans that don't come true. When we look back and describe a future that was expected at some point in the past — a plan, an intention, something on the edge of happening — English uses a special set of forms. Master them and you can tell any story of plans that go wrong.

The four structures, side by side:
• was/were going to + base verb — a past intention or expectation, often one that didn't happen: "Soapy was going to eat a fine dinner." (but he was thrown out)
• was/were about to + base verb — on the very edge of happening in the past, the next moment: "He was about to be arrested when the officer ran off."
• planned to / meant to / intended to + base verb — a deliberate past plan: "He planned to commit a small crime." "He meant to get caught."
• would + base verb — the "future-in-the-past": a future seen from a past viewpoint: "He decided that tomorrow he would find honest work."
Feel the difference:
• was going to = the plan or expectation at that time (and it often fell through).
• was about to = right on the edge — the very next second.
• planned / meant / intended to = a chosen, deliberate intention.
• would = looking forward from a moment in the past ("He knew that one day he would change"). This is why so much of Soapy's story is told with would: it's a life narrated from inside a plan.

1. Which structure? Choose from was going to, was about to, planned to, or would

Read the meaning in brackets and complete the sentence.

1. Soapy spend the winter in a warm cell, so he set out to get arrested. (a deliberate plan)

2. He leave the restaurant without paying when the waiter spotted his ragged clothes. (on the very edge of it)

3. He told himself that from tomorrow he find honest work. (a future seen from that past moment)

1. planned to (a deliberate, chosen plan; "was going to" also works)

2. was about to (right on the edge — the next moment)

3. would (future-in-the-past: looking forward from that moment)

2. Fix the form

Each sentence uses the right structure but the wrong form of the verb after it. Write the corrected verb.

1. He was going to (breaks) a window and wait beside it for the police.

2. Soapy was about (confessing) that he had no money when the waiter threw him out.

3. He decided that he would (found) the man who once offered him a job.

1. break (was going to + base verb)

2. to confess (was about + to + base verb)

3. find (would + base verb)

3. Tell the twist — complete the paragraph

Fill each gap with was going to, was about to, planned to or would (in a form that fits). Read it aloud once you're done.

All winter, Soapy get himself arrested so he could sleep in a warm cell. Then the anthem changed him. He resolved that the next day he find honest work and start again. He walk home with his new plan when a policeman took him by the arm — and the winter in prison he no longer wanted was suddenly his.

planned to / was going to (a deliberate plan) · would (future-in-the-past) · was about to (on the very edge)

Notice how the whole irony lives in these forms: a plan he chased (planned to), a new plan for the future (would), and the exact moment it all turned over (was about to).

Hold on to these four — you'll need them in the Speak tab, where the whole point is to tell a story of a plan that didn't go as expected.

Going deeper

A great short story keeps working on you after the last line. Before you talk, here's what to turn over in your mind.

Why this story endures. O. Henry was the master of the "twist in the tail" — an ending that flips everything you expected in a single stroke. Here the irony is almost unbearable: Soapy spends the whole winter trying and failing to be arrested, and the law seizes him at the exact instant he decides to go straight. Beneath the comedy sits something serious — a hard look at poverty, chance, and a society that punishes a man the moment he tries to rise.

Turn it over — and talk

Discuss these deeper questions:
  • The twist. O. Henry could have let Soapy walk free to start his new life. Why do you think he chose the crueller ending? What does the twist make you feel that a happy ending never could?
  • Irony and fate. Soapy gets exactly what he wanted — but only after he stops wanting it. Is this the work of blind chance, of fate, or of a world that simply turns a deaf ear to the poor?
  • Symbolism. The anthem, the church, the falling leaf, the cold — what might each of these stand for? Why does music, of all things, reach Soapy when nothing else does?
  • Poverty and society. Throughout the story the city is indifferent to Soapy — until he tries to change. What is O. Henry suggesting about how society treats people who have nothing? Is it still true today?
  • What would you have done? If you were the magistrate and knew Soapy's whole story, would you still have sentenced him? What would justice really look like here?

Speak

This is the heart of the lesson — do all of it out loud. The timer is there to keep you going: fill the time with detail rather than escaping it.

Useful language: tell the story with today's structures — was going to ("he was going to eat and not pay"), was about to ("he was about to be caught"), planned/meant to ("he meant to get arrested"), and would ("he decided he would change his life"). For opinions, reach for: "What's striking is…", "You could argue that…", "It's no accident that…", "On one level… but on another…".
Time remaining: 4:00
Task A · Retell the story (4 minutes)

Tell the story of "The Cop and the Anthem" in your own words, as if to someone who has never heard it. Move through the arc: the falling leaf and Soapy's plan for the winter → attempt after attempt to get arrested, all backfiring → the anthem outside the church and his sudden resolve to change → the twist, when the arrest finally comes.

Use the grammar to carry the plans that go wrong: was going to, was about to, planned/meant to and would. Work in at least five key words (destitute, charity, refuge, misdemeanour, swindle, contempt, indifferent, backfire, anthem, resolve).

Task B · An opinion on the ending (4 minutes)

Some readers find the ending unbearably cruel; others find it perfect. Which are you? Build an argument: is O. Henry punishing Soapy, pitying him, or simply showing us how the world works? Would the story be better, or weaker, with a happy ending? Defend your view.

Task C · A plan that went wrong (4 minutes)

Tell a story — real or imagined — about a plan that didn't go the way anyone expected. Lean on the grammar: what someone was going to do, what they planned to do, the moment they were about to succeed or fail, and what they told themselves they would do next.

Prefer not to use something personal? Pick one of these and run with it:

  • A famous plan in history or sport that backfired in an ironic way — the favourite who was going to win and didn't.
  • A character from a film or book who got exactly what they wanted, only to find it was the wrong thing.
  • An invention or business that was meant to do one thing and ended up doing the opposite.
  • A story where someone decided to change their life — and describe what they resolved they would do.
  • A moment in any story where everything was about to go one way, and then turned over completely.
  • A city or a system that seemed indifferent to someone in need — and what you think should have happened.

To finish — the bigger questions

  1. Soapy would rather go to prison than beg for charity. Is holding on to your pride a strength, or can it become a trap?
  2. The story suggests the world only noticed Soapy when he tried to do good. Do you think society is quicker to punish than to help? Why?
  3. We remember this story mainly for its twist. Is a shocking ending a kind of trick on the reader, or does it reveal a truth a gentle ending would hide?
  4. Before you go — from memory: give one sentence with was going to, one with was about to, and one with would, and explain why each fits the moment you chose.