SHORT STORIES, LONG SHADOWS · A2/B1 · 50 min

The Doll's House

Katherine Mansfield's story of a wonderful toy — and the two girls nobody was allowed to talk to.

Today: you'll tell the story of a beautiful doll's house and two poor sisters — and you'll practise can and can't for permission: what people may do, and what is not allowed.
Warm up — before we read. Talk about these questions. There are no wrong answers.
Discuss:
  • What was your favourite toy when you were a child?
  • At school, were some children "popular" and some children "outside"? Why?

Now — the words for today's story

Ten words open the story. Do the four short activities. Say your answer out loud before you reveal it.

A · What does the word mean here?

1. The children got a wonderful doll's house — a toy house with little rooms, little tables and little beds inside.
a doll's house — a small toy house for dolls, with real little rooms inside.
2. In the middle of the toy dining-room there was a tiny lamp — yellow, with a little white top, like a real light.
a lamp — a light that stands on a table. The little lamp is the most important thing in this story.
3. The Kelvey sisters wore old, strange clothes because their family was very poor.
poor — having very little money. Opposite: rich.

B · Which word is it?

Three words: invite · rule · gate. Say the right word for each meaning, then reveal.

1. Which word means to ask someone to come — to your house, your party, your school?
to invite — "The girls invited two friends every day to see the house."
2. Which word means something you must or must not do?
a rule — "The rule was: nobody talks to the Kelveys." You can follow a rule or break a rule.
3. Which word means the door in a fence or wall, outside a house?
a gate — "Kezia sat on the big white gates of the garden."

C · Choose the meaning — a / b / c

1. "The other girls laughed at Lil." To laugh at someone means to…
  (a) tell them a joke   (b) make fun of them in an unkind way   (c) smile at them
(b) — to laugh at someone = to be unkind and make jokes about them. Not the same as laughing with someone!
2. "Kezia was kind to the two sisters." Kind means…
  (a) friendly and good to other people   (b) quiet   (c) rich
(a) — kind = good and friendly to others. Kezia is the only kind child in the story.

D · Word families

1. You know to allow. Complete: "Talking to the Kelveys was not ___." And say it with can't: "You ___ talk to them."
"was not allowed" = "You can't talk to them." Two ways to say the same rule — you'll practise both in the Grammar tab.
2. You know beautiful. The story uses a stronger word for the little lamp: "It was per___." Can you finish it?
perfect — with nothing wrong at all. "The dolls were too big, but the lamp was perfect."

Now use them — out loud

Talk before we read:
  • Use doll's house, invite and rule in one sentence: what do you think happens in this story?
  • Why do you think a tiny lamp might be important in a story about rich and poor?

The story, in three parts

Read each part. Then answer the quick questions from memory, and talk about the discussion question.

Part 1 — The wonderful house

One day, a friend of the family sent the Burnell children a present: a doll's house. It was big and green, with two little chimneys and a yellow door. The front of the house opened, and you could see all the rooms at the same time: the living room, the kitchen, and two bedrooms. There were tiny tables, tiny beds with real sheets, and little pictures on the walls.

But the best thing — the thing Kezia, the youngest sister, loved most — was the little lamp. It stood on the dining-room table: a small yellow lamp with a white top. It looked real. The dolls in the house were too big and looked wrong. But the lamp was perfect. It seemed to smile at Kezia and say: "I live here."

The next day at school, the Burnell girls told everyone about the house. All the girls wanted to see it! The rule was: two girls could come each day, stand in the courtyard, and look. Isabel, the oldest sister, chose who could come. Day after day, the girls came, saw the house, and talked about it. Soon everyone at school had seen it. Everyone — except two girls.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What did Kezia love most about the doll's house? Why?

2. What was the rule for visiting the house?

1. The little lamp. The dolls looked wrong, but the lamp looked real — it seemed to say "I live here."

2. Two girls could come each day and look at the house in the courtyard. Isabel chose who could come.

Discuss:
  • Everyone wanted to be Isabel's friend that week. Were they real friends?

Part 2 — The two girls outside

The two girls were the Kelvey sisters: Lil and little Else. Their mother washed clothes for other families. People said their father was in prison. The family was very poor. Lil came to school in a dress made from an old tablecloth, and little Else wore a long white dress like a nightdress and boy's boots. Little Else never smiled and almost never spoke. She always held on to Lil's skirt with one hand.

At this school, rich children and poor children studied together, because there was no other school. But there was a rule that everybody knew: nobody talks to the Kelveys. The mothers didn't allow it. The children walked past them with their noses in the air. The Kelveys were always alone.

One day, Kezia asked her mother: "Can I invite the Kelveys to see the doll's house? Just once?" "Certainly not, Kezia," said her mother. "But why not?" "You know why not, Kezia. Run along." And at school, the girls became crueller. "Is it true you'll be a servant when you grow up, Lil Kelvey?" asked one girl in a sweet voice. Then another girl shouted: "Your father's in prison!" And the girls ran away, laughing, excited and happy.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. Who were the Kelvey sisters? Describe them.

2. What did Kezia ask her mother, and what was the answer?

1. Two poor sisters. Their mother washed clothes; people said their father was in prison. Lil wore a dress made from a tablecloth; little Else never smiled and always held Lil's skirt.

2. She asked if she could invite the Kelveys to see the doll's house. Her mother said: "Certainly not."

Discuss:
  • The girls laughed and felt happy after being cruel. Why do groups sometimes enjoy being unkind?

Part 3 — "I seen the little lamp"

That afternoon, Kezia was sitting on the big white gates of her garden when she saw the Kelvey sisters walking along the road. Kezia made a decision. "Hello," she said. The sisters stopped, surprised. "You can come and see our doll's house if you want," said Kezia. Lil went red. "Your mother told our mother you can't speak to us," she said quietly. "It doesn't matter," said Kezia. "Nobody's looking. Come on."

Lil didn't want to go. But little Else pulled her sister's skirt twice, with big, hoping eyes. So they followed Kezia into the courtyard, like two small street cats. Kezia opened the front of the house. "There's the living room, and there's the kitchen, and that's the—" "KEZIA!" It was Aunt Beryl, and her voice was cold and angry. "How dare you invite the little Kelveys! You know you can't talk to them! Go away, children, and don't come back!" And she pushed them out of the courtyard like chickens. The two sisters ran away, red with shame.

When they were far from the house, the sisters sat down on a big red pipe by the road to rest. Lil's face was still burning. They looked quietly at the fields and the cows. Then little Else moved close to her sister. She smiled her very rare smile. "I seen the little lamp," she said softly. And the two sisters sat in silence, together.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What did Kezia do, and what happened next?

2. What did little Else say at the end? Why is it important?

1. She broke the rule and invited the Kelveys to see the doll's house. Aunt Beryl found them, shouted, and pushed the sisters out.

2. "I seen the little lamp." It is the only thing she says in the whole story. She forgot the angry woman — she remembered only the beautiful lamp.

Discuss:
  • Aunt Beryl was cruel, but little Else was still happy at the end. Why?

Grammar — can / can't for permission

The story is full of rules: who can come, who can't speak to whom. English uses can and can't to talk about permission — what is allowed and what is not.

The rules:
• Permission: You can park here. Students can use the library at weekends.
• No permission: You can't smoke here. Children can't watch this film.
• Question: Can I open the window? Can we leave early?
• After can/can't → base verb, no "to": can go (not "can to go").
Everyday examples:
• In our office, we can wear jeans on Fridays.
• You can't take photos in this museum.
• "Can I borrow your pen?" — "Of course you can."
Past permission uses could / couldn't: When I was ten, I couldn't stay up late.

1. The rules of the story — can or can't?

Write can or can't.

1. Two girls come each day and see the doll's house.

2. The children talk to the Kelvey sisters — it is not allowed.

3. "You come and see our house if you want," said Kezia.

1. can   2. can't   3. can

2. Ask for permission

Make questions with Can I…? or Can we…? Write the missing words.

1. Kezia wants to invite the Kelveys. She asks her mother: " invite the Kelveys?"

2. Two friends want to visit. They ask Isabel: " see the doll's house today?"

3. You want to open the window in class. You ask: " the window?"

1. Can I   2. Can we   3. Can I open

Remember: after can → base verb ("Can I open", not "Can I to open").

3. Then and now — complete the paragraph

Write can, can't, could or couldn't. Then read the paragraph aloud.

In the story, the Kelvey sisters (— past, negative) play with the other children. Kezia asked if she (— past) invite them, but her mother said no. Today, we hope, every child (— present) play with every other child, and schools say: you (— present, negative) leave anyone outside.

couldn't · could · can · can't

Keep can / can't ready — in the Speak tab you'll talk about rules at your school, your work and your home.

Going deeper

Katherine Mansfield was born in New Zealand, and this story comes from her own childhood — her family really had a doll's house like this one. She wrote the story in 1921, and it is one of the most famous short stories in English.

The heart of it. The adults made the rule: nobody talks to the Kelveys. The children learned the rule and used it to be cruel. Only Kezia — a child — broke it. And the smallest, poorest, quietest person in the story got the best prize: she saw the little lamp. The lamp is the one real, warm, beautiful thing in the story — and Mansfield gives it to the girl who has nothing.

Talk it through:
  • Who made the rule about the Kelveys — the children or the adults? What does that tell us?
  • Why is the little lamp so important? What does it mean in the story?
  • Kezia's kindness lasted only one minute, and it ended badly. Was it still worth it?
  • Are there "Kelveys" in schools today? What do children get excluded for now?

Speak

This is the heart of the lesson — do all of it out loud. Use the timer, and fill the time with detail.

Useful language: use can / can't / could / couldn't for rules and permission. For your opinion: "I think…", "For me…", "The saddest part was…", "My favourite character is… because…".
Time remaining: 3:00
Task A · Tell the story (3 minutes)

Tell the story of The Doll's House in your own words: the wonderful house and the little lamp → the visits at school → the Kelvey sisters and the rule → Kezia's invitation → the angry aunt → "I seen the little lamp."

Use can/can't or could/couldn't at least twice (for the rules) and at least four key words (doll's house, lamp, poor, invite, rule, gate, laugh at, kind).

Task B · Your opinion (3 minutes)

Talk about these questions: Which character do you like most, and which do you like least? Was Kezia right to break the rule? What would you say to Aunt Beryl?

Task C · Rules in your life (3 minutes)

The story is about rules — fair rules and unfair rules. Talk about rules in your life, using can, can't, could, couldn't.

Need an idea? Choose one:

  • Three rules at your work or school: which are good, which are not?
  • When you were a child: what could you do, and what couldn't you do?
  • A rule you broke once. What happened?
  • If you could make one new rule for schools, what would it be?

To finish — the bigger questions

  1. Little Else speaks only once in the whole story. Why did the writer give her the last word?
  2. Kezia's kindness changed nothing — and everything. What do you think?
  3. What one word describes this story best for you? Explain your choice.
  4. Before you go — from memory: make three sentences about the story's rules: one with can, one with can't, one with couldn't.