SHORT STORIES, LONG SHADOWS · B2/C1 · 50 min

The Model Millionaire

Oscar Wilde's tale of a poor young man, a ragged beggar, and the coin that changed everything.

Today: you'll tell the story of a kind but penniless young man whose single act of generosity is repaid in the most unexpected way — and you'll master the grammar of comparison, the structures English uses to say who is richer, kinder or luckier than everyone else.
Warm up — before we read. Talk these through out loud with your teacher. There are no wrong answers — the point is to start thinking about the ideas the story plays with.
Discuss:
  • Can you be genuinely charming and likeable and still be a complete failure at making money? Do you know anyone like that?
  • If a well-dressed stranger and a ragged stranger both asked you for money in the street, would you treat them differently? Be honest.
  • Is a small kindness that costs you a lot worth more than a large one that costs you nothing?

Now — the words for today's story

Each new word is hidden in a sentence. Read it aloud and say what you think the bold word means from the rest of the sentence — then reveal it and see how close you were.

1. He was charming and clever, but he had no profession and not a penny to his name — in short, he was completely penniless.
penniless (adj) — having no money at all; extremely poor.
2. The old man's coat was torn and filthy, his boots were falling apart — he looked like the most ragged figure on the street.
ragged (adj) — dressed in old, torn, worn-out clothes.
3. She had a warm heart and gave money freely to anyone in trouble; everyone agreed she was remarkably generous.
generous (adj) — willing to give money, help or time freely and kindly.
4. The beggar sat on the cold pavement with his hat held out, hoping a passer-by might drop a coin into it.
a beggar (n) — a person who lives by asking strangers for money or food.
5. The gallery was full of the artist's work, but one enormous portrait of a wrinkled old man dominated the whole room.
a portrait (n) — a painting, drawing or photograph of a particular person.
6. She sat perfectly still for two hours while the painter worked, an unusually patient model for such a difficult picture.
a model (n) — a person who poses (sits or stands still) for an artist or photographer.
7. He could not marry her until he had money, so the engagement felt like an impossible, distant dream — the match her father would never allow.
a match (n) — a marriage, or two people seen as suitable (or unsuitable) for each other.
8. Moved by the man's obvious poverty, Hughie reached into his pocket and gave him a gold sovereign — the last coin he had.
a sovereign (n) — an old British gold coin worth one pound; here, a valuable coin.
9. When he learned who the "beggar" really was, Hughie went scarlet with embarrassment, wishing the floor would swallow him.
embarrassment (n) — the uncomfortable, self-conscious feeling of having done something foolish.
10. Instead of being offended, the old man was delighted; he rewarded the young man's kindness with a gift beyond his wildest hopes.
to reward (v) — to give someone something good in return for a kind or worthy action.

Now use them — out loud

Talk it through before we read:
  • Using penniless, generous, beggar and sovereign, predict: what act of kindness do you think this story turns on?
  • Which of these words suggest poverty, and which suggest wealth or art? Sort them out loud and say why.

The story, in three parts

Read each part. After it, there's a quick comprehension check (try the questions from memory first), then one thing to discuss.

Part 1 — A charming young man with empty pockets

Hughie Erskine was one of the most charming young men in London, and one of the poorest. He was wonderful to look at, with his crisp brown hair and his clear-cut profile; he was liked by men and women alike; and he had every accomplishment except the one that mattered — the ability to make money. He had tried everything. He had gone into business, but soon lost what little he had. He had sold tea, then dry sherry, then neither. In the end he was simply, delightfully, penniless.

To make matters worse, Hughie was in love. He loved Laura Merton, the daughter of a retired Colonel, and Laura loved him back. But the Colonel was fond of Hughie and firm at the same time. "Come to me, my boy," he said, "when you have ten thousand pounds of your own, and we will see about it." On the days when that seemed most impossible, Hughie looked, everyone agreed, the saddest young man in London.

One morning, on his way to visit Laura, Hughie dropped in to see his good friend Alan Trevor, a painter. Trevor was a brilliant artist, though a rather rough one to look at — freckled, red-bearded, careless. But when he took up the brush he was a real master, and his pictures were much sought after. He had grown very fond of Hughie, drawn at first by his charm and good looks. "The only people a painter should know," Trevor used to say, "are people who are beautiful and people who are amusing." Hughie, he decided, was both.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What was Hughie's one great failing, and how did it affect his hopes of marrying Laura?

2. Who was Alan Trevor, and why was he so fond of Hughie?

1. He had every gift except the ability to make money; because he was penniless, Laura's father would only allow the marriage once Hughie had ten thousand pounds of his own.

2. A brilliant but rough-looking painter and a good friend; he was drawn to Hughie's charm and good looks, believing a painter should know people who are beautiful or amusing.

Discuss:
  • The Colonel likes Hughie yet refuses him. Is he being cruel, or simply sensible? What would you do in his place?

Part 2 — The beggar in the corner

When Hughie came in, he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a wonderful full-length portrait of a beggar-man. The beggar himself stood on a raised platform in the corner of the studio. He was a wizened old man, his face like wrinkled parchment, wearing a most piteous expression. Over his shoulder hung a coarse brown cloak, all torn and tattered; his thick boots were patched and cobbled, and with one hand he leaned on a rough stick, while with the other he held out his battered hat for money. It was a wonderful piece of realism — and a most wretched-looking creature.

"What an amazing model!" whispered Hughie, as he shook hands with his friend. "An amazing model?" cried Trevor. "I should think so! Such beggars as he are not to be met with every day. He's the greatest find of the age; a beggar-man in real life, but a Titian in paint. What a picture Rembrandt would have made of him!" "Poor old chap," said Hughie, "how miserable he looks! But I suppose, to you painters, his face is his fortune?"

When Trevor stepped out of the room for a moment to speak to the framemaker, the old beggar took the chance to rest on a wooden bench. He looked so forlorn, so utterly wretched, that Hughie could not help pitying him. He felt in his pockets to see what money he had. All he could find was a single gold sovereign and some coppers. "Poor old fellow," he thought, "he needs it more than I do — but it means no cabs for a fortnight." And he walked across the studio and slipped the sovereign into the beggar's hand. The old man started, and a faint smile flitted across his withered lips. "Thank you, sir," he said, "thank you."

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. How did Trevor describe the beggar, and what did he value about him?

2. What did Hughie do for the old man, and what did it cost him?

1. As an amazing model — "the greatest find of the age", a beggar in real life but a Titian in paint. Trevor valued his wretched, realistic appearance for the picture.

2. He pitied him and gave him his last gold sovereign, which meant going without cabs for a fortnight — a real sacrifice for a penniless young man.

Discuss:
  • Trevor sees "a wonderful model"; Hughie sees "a poor old fellow." What does the difference reveal about each man?

Part 3 — The model millionaire

That evening Hughie strolled into the club and found Trevor there. "Well, Alan, did you finish the picture?" he asked. "Finished and framed, my boy!" answered Trevor. "And by the way, the old model you saw is quite devoted to you. I had to tell him all about you — who you are, how much you have, your prospects with Laura." "My dear Alan," cried Hughie, "I shall probably find him waiting for me when I go home! But of course you are only joking. Poor old wretch! I wish I could do something for him. I have heaps of old clothes — do you think he would care for any of them? Why, his rags were falling to bits."

"But he looks splendid in them," said Trevor. "I wouldn't paint him in a frock-coat for anything. What you call rags I call romance. However, I'll tell him of your offer." "Alan," said Hughie seriously, "you painters are a heartless lot." "An artist's heart is his head," replied Trevor; "and besides, our business is to realise the world as we see it, not to reform it. And now tell me how Laura is. The old model was quite interested in her." "You don't mean to say you talked to him about her?" said Hughie. "Certainly I did. He knows all about the relentless Colonel, the lovely Laura, and the ten thousand pounds." "You told that old beggar all my private affairs?" cried Hughie, looking very red and angry.

"My dear boy," said Trevor, smiling, "that old beggar, as you call him, is one of the richest men in Europe. He is Baron Hausberg. He could buy all London tomorrow without overdrawing his account. He has a house in every capital, dines off gold plate, and can prevent Russia going to war when he chooses." Hughie was thunderstruck. "Good heavens! And I gave him a sovereign!" he said, sinking into a chair. The next morning a servant brought Hughie a small parcel. On the outside was written: "A wedding present to Hugh Erskine and his bride, from an old beggar." Inside was a cheque for ten thousand pounds. When they were married, Alan Trevor was best man, and the Baron made a speech at the wedding breakfast. "Millionaire models," remarked Alan, "are rare enough; but, by Jove, model millionaires are rarer still!"

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. Who was the "beggar" really, and why was Hughie so horrified when he found out?

2. How did the Baron reward Hughie's kindness?

1. He was Baron Hausberg, one of the richest men in Europe, posing as a model. Hughie was horrified because he had pitied him and given a real millionaire his last sovereign as charity.

2. The Baron sent a wedding present — a cheque for ten thousand pounds, exactly the sum Hughie needed to marry Laura — signed "from an old beggar".

Discuss:
  • The Baron was moved to give a fortune not by need but by kindness. Why does Hughie's gesture affect him so much more than the money affects the Baron?

Grammar — comparatives & superlatives

The whole story runs on comparison. Hughie is one of the most charming young men in London and one of the poorest; the Baron is richer than anyone; "model millionaires" are rarer still. English has clear rules for saying who or what is more — and who is the most of all.

Comparatives (comparing two things) — the rules:
• Short adjectives (one syllable): add -er + than: rich → richer than, poor → poorer than, kind → kinder than.
• Adjectives ending in -y: change y → i + er: happy → happier, wealthy → wealthier, funny → funnier.
• Longer adjectives (two or more syllables): use more + adjective: generous → more generous than, charming → more charming than.
• Irregulars: good → better, bad → worse, far → further / farther.
Superlatives (comparing three or more — the top of the group):
• Short adjectives: the + adjective + -est: the richest man in Europe, the poorest young man in London.
• -y adjectives: y → i + est: the happiest, the wealthiest.
• Longer adjectives: the most + adjective: the most charming young man, the most generous gift.
• Irregulars: the best, the worst, the furthest.
Two useful patterns from the story: as … as (equal: "not as rich as the Baron") and -er and -er (increasing: "he grew redder and redder").

1. Comparative or superlative? Complete each sentence.

Read the adjective in brackets and write the correct comparative or superlative form.

1. Hughie was one of the (charming) young men in London. (top of the group)

2. The Baron was far (rich) than anyone Hughie had ever met. (comparing two)

3. "Model millionaires," said Trevor, "are even (rare) than millionaire models." (comparing two)

1. most charming (the most + longer adjective — superlative)

2. richer (short adjective + -er + than — comparative)

3. rarer (rare → rarer, comparative + than)

2. Fix the form

Each sentence needs the right comparison. Write the correct word or phrase from the adjective in brackets.

1. The old man looked the creature in the whole studio. (miserable) (most / -est?)

2. Giving away his last coin made Hughie than he had been all week. (happy) (-y → ?)

3. His clothes were than the beggar's, but not by much. (good) (irregular)

1. most miserable (longer adjective → the most + adjective)

2. happier (happy → happi + er, comparative)

3. better (good is irregular: good → better)

3. Retell the twist — complete the paragraph

Fill each gap with the correct comparative or superlative of the adjective in brackets. Read it aloud once you're done.

Hughie was one of the (poor) men in London, yet also one of the (kind). The "beggar" turned out to be (rich) than the whole club put together. His wedding gift was the (generous) sum Hughie could imagine — proof that a small kindness can matter (much) than a large fortune.

poorest · kindest · richer · most generous · more

Notice: superlative (poorest / kindest) for the top of a group; comparative (richer / more) when two things are set against each other. "Much" is irregular: much → more → the most.

Hold on to these forms — you'll need them in the Speak tab, where you'll be comparing characters, choices and fortunes out loud.

Going deeper

Wilde subtitled this story "A Note of Admiration", and it reads almost like a joke — light, quick, and neatly turned. But under the comedy sits a sharper idea about how we judge people by their appearance, and about what generosity really costs.

The heart of it. Hughie gives his last coin to a man he believes has nothing, at real cost to himself — and is repaid a thousand times over by a man who had everything all along. The twist is delicious, but it also quietly asks: would the kindness have "counted" if Hughie had known who the beggar was? The story endures because that question never quite closes.
Talk it through:
  • Hughie gave freely because he thought the man was poor. If he had known the "beggar" was a baron, would his gift have meant anything at all? Does kindness only count when it costs us and expects nothing back?
  • The Baron disguises himself as the poorest man in the room. Why might one of the richest men in Europe want to sit and be pitied? What is Wilde suggesting about wealth and how it isolates people?
  • Trevor says a painter's job is "to realise the world as we see it, not to reform it," and that his heart is his head. Is the artist's cool eye admirable, or a little cold, next to Hughie's warm, foolish heart?
  • The title puns on "model millionaire" — a millionaire who is a model of good behaviour, and a millionaire who literally posed as an artist's model. In the end, whom is Wilde really admiring: Hughie, the Baron, or both?

Speak

This is the heart of the lesson — do all of it out loud. The timer is there to keep you going: fill the time with detail rather than racing through it.

Useful language: lean on today's grammar — comparatives (richer than, more generous than, kinder than) and superlatives (the poorest, the most charming, the greatest find of the age). For opinions, reach for: "What's striking is…", "You could argue that…", "It's no accident that…", "On one level… but on another…".
Time remaining: 4:00
Task A · Tell the whole story (4 minutes)

Tell the story of The Model Millionaire in your own words, as if to someone who has never heard it. Move through the arc: the charming but penniless Hughie and his impossible love for Laura → the visit to Trevor's studio and the wretched "beggar" → Hughie's gift of his last sovereign → the shock of learning the beggar was Baron Hausberg → the wedding cheque for ten thousand pounds.

Build the contrasts that drive the story: use at least three comparatives or superlatives (the poorest / the richest / more generous / kinder than) and work in at least five key words (penniless, ragged, generous, beggar, portrait, model, sovereign, embarrassment, reward).

Task B · Does kindness only count when it costs you? (4 minutes)

Hughie's gift mattered because he believed it hurt to give it. Build an argument: is a kindness worth more when it costs the giver something real? Compare examples — a rich person donating pocket change versus a poor person sharing a meal — and decide where true generosity lies. Use comparatives to weigh them: "X is more admirable than Y because…".

Task C · Judging by appearances (4 minutes)

The Baron fooled a whole room simply by dressing in rags. Tell a story — true or invented — about a time when someone, or something, turned out to be very different from how they first appeared.

Stuck for an idea? Pick one of these and run with it:

  • A person who was once misjudged at first — richer, kinder or cleverer than they seemed.
  • A famous story or film with a "hidden identity" twist. Retell it and compare it to Wilde's.
  • A time a small, generous act was repaid in an unexpected way.
  • A situation where dressing well (or badly) completely changed how people treated someone.
  • A "beggar or baron?" moment: someone who looked poor but wasn't, or looked rich but wasn't.
  • An act of charity you admire — and whether it was the most generous because of how much it cost.

To finish — the bigger questions

  1. Wilde called this "a note of admiration". Who deserves the most admiration in the end — the young man who gave away his last coin, or the millionaire who repaid him? Compare the two.
  2. The whole plot turns on a misjudgement of appearances. Are we any better today at seeing past how people look and dress? Give an example.
  3. Hughie's reward is exactly the ten thousand pounds he needed. Does a perfectly happy ending make the story feel truer, or more like a fairy tale? Does that matter?
  4. Before you go — from memory: give one sentence using a comparative and one using a superlative to describe characters from the story, and explain why each form is right.