B1 • Lesson 34 of 75

Problem-Solution Structure

Organize your ideas clearly

🎯 Discourse & Structure
📖 Do Prep First →

The Spark: The Best Way to Persuade

When you want someone to understand why something matters, simply stating facts isn't enough. You need to show them the PROBLEM first, then offer the SOLUTION.

❌ Just State It

"We should use renewable energy."

Result: Listener doesn't understand WHY.

✓ Use Problem-Solution

"Fossil fuels are causing climate change. If we switch to renewable energy, we can reduce emissions."

Result: Clear logic and persuasion!

🔴 THE PROBLEM

Something is wrong or causing difficulty

🟢 THE SOLUTION

Here's how to fix it or what to do about it

Today you'll learn: The language of problem-solution that makes your arguments stronger and more convincing.

Micro-Skill: 5 Problem-Solution Phrases

Use these frameworks to structure your arguments:

"The problem is that..." Click to expand
USE WHEN
Starting to explain the issue
TONE
Serious, thoughtful
EFFECT
Gets listener's attention

Examples:

• "The problem is that we're producing too much plastic waste."

• "The problem is that students often lack practical experience."

🎤 NOW YOU TRY

Say: "The problem is that..." (identify a real problem you care about)

"This leads to..." Click to expand
USE WHEN
Explaining consequences
STRUCTURE
Problem → consequence chain
IMPACT
Shows why it matters

Examples:

• "This leads to higher costs for consumers."

• "This leads to mental health issues among young people."

🎤 NOW YOU TRY

Complete: "The problem is obesity. This leads to..."

"One solution would be..." Click to expand
USE WHEN
Proposing an answer
BENEFIT
"One" = there may be others
TONE
Helpful and constructive

Examples:

• "One solution would be to introduce renewable energy subsidies."

• "One solution would be better teacher training programs."

🎤 NOW YOU TRY

Say: "One solution would be..." (for the problem you mentioned earlier)

"This could be addressed by..." Click to expand
USE WHEN
Suggesting specific actions
FORMALITY
More formal than "solution"
BEST FOR
Academic or professional settings

Examples:

• "This could be addressed by implementing stricter regulations."

• "This could be addressed by increasing funding for education."

🎤 NOW YOU TRY

Use this phrase to suggest fixing a workplace problem

"If we [solution], then [result]" Click to expand
USE WHEN
Showing cause-effect of solution
POWER
Very persuasive and logical
STRUCTURE
Conditional = shows reasoning

Examples:

• "If we invest in public transport, then traffic congestion will decrease."

• "If we teach digital skills from primary school, then young people will be more competitive."

🎤 NOW YOU TRY

Complete: "If we reduce social media use, then..."

Guided Practice: Build Complete Arguments

For each problem, build the complete argument:

Argument 1
Issue: Pollution in cities

Build your argument:

Start: "The problem is that..." → Explain consequence → Offer a solution → Show the result

Practice out loud. Use at least 3 of the 5 phrases.

💡 Example flow: "The problem is that air pollution is getting worse. This leads to health problems. One solution would be to encourage electric vehicles. If we make charging stations more available, then..."

Argument 2
Issue: High university costs

Build your argument:

Start: "The problem is..." → Show impact → Propose solution → Explain outcome

Practice out loud. Try a different set of phrases.

💡 Consider: consequences, who it affects, multiple solutions possible

Argument 3
Issue: Remote work challenges

Build your argument:

This time, build the entire argument independently

Practice out loud. Can you make it persuasive?

💡 Think about: isolation, communication, work-life balance

Free Production: Choose Your Issue

Pick one issue you care about and develop a full problem-solution argument. Speak for the full time without stopping.

Speaking Timer

3:00

Choose Your Topic:

💼 Work/Study:

• Poor work-life balance

• Lack of skills training

• Outdated technology

🌍 Environment/Society:

• Climate change

• Lack of green spaces

• Food waste

Your Task:

Speak for 3 minutes. Include:

✓ "The problem is that..."

✓ "This leads to..."

✓ A proposed solution

✓ "If we [solution], then [result]"

Goal: Speak continuously and develop your argument fully.

Recall Zone

B1 Lessons 28, 31, and 11 Review

Connect these skills to problem-solution structure!

From Lesson 28: What are the two key advantages/disadvantages phrases?

"The advantage of this is..." (what's good about a solution)

"The disadvantage is..." (what's bad about a problem or solution)

Perfect for adding depth to your problem-solution arguments!

From Lesson 11: What's the basic cause-effect frame?

"Because... therefore..."

Example: "Because pollution exists, therefore we need solutions."

This naturally connects to problem-solution: the cause is the PROBLEM, the effect is why the SOLUTION matters.

From Lesson 31: How do you manage disagreement on solutions?

"I see your point, but..." / "That's true, however..."

Use these when someone proposes a different solution to the same problem.

🎤 Combined Challenge

Someone says: "Climate change is just a natural cycle, not a problem we need to solve."

Use: Problem-Solution + Cause-Effect + Disagreement Management

How would you respond? Speak for 1-2 minutes.

Hint: You could acknowledge their view, present the problem, show consequences, propose solutions...

Self-Check

📋 Today's "I Can" Statement

I can structure persuasive arguments using problem-solution framework

How confident do you feel?

1 = Need more practice | 5 = I've got this!

Quick Review: The 5 Key Phrases

"The problem is that..." - Start your argument

"This leads to..." - Show consequences

"One solution would be..." - Propose an answer

"This could be addressed by..." - More formal option

"If we [solution], then [result]" - Show the impact

Your Mission Before Lesson 35:

Find one article or video about a current issue. Practice explaining the problem and solution out loud using these new structures. Record yourself if possible!

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