SHORT STORIES, LONG SHADOWS · A2/B1 · 50 min

After Twenty Years

O. Henry's story of two friends who promised to meet again — twenty years later.

Today: you'll tell the story of a promise between two friends — and you'll practise talking about time: twenty years ago, for twenty years, since that night.
Warm up — before we read. Talk about these questions out loud. There are no wrong answers.
Discuss:
  • Who is your oldest friend? How long have you known this person?
  • Do you think you will still be friends in twenty years? Why / why not?
  • Can a person change completely? Give an example.

Now — the words for today's story

Ten words open the story. Do the four short activities. Say your answer out loud first, then click Reveal.

A · What does the word mean here?

1. It was ten o'clock at night. The wind was cold and the streets were empty. There were no people and no cars.
empty (adj) — with nothing and nobody inside. "An empty street. An empty box."
2. The shop was closed. The door was dark and there was no light inside. The man stood in the doorway and waited.
a doorway (n) — the space where a door is. People stand in a doorway to keep dry.
3. The two boys grew up together. They went to school together and played together every day. They were best friends — like brothers.
to grow up (v) — to become an adult, to pass your childhood somewhere. "I grew up in a small town."

B · Which word means…?

Three words: arrest · police officer · promise. Say the right word, then reveal.

1. Which word means a person whose job is to stop crime and protect people?
a police officer (n) — "The police officer walked along the street."
2. Which word means when you say you will definitely do something?
a promise (n/v) — "They made a promise." · "He promised to come."
3. Which word means when the police take a person because of a crime?
to arrest (v) — "They arrested him." Noun phrase: under arrest.

C · Choose the meaning — a / b / c

1. He worked very hard in the West and now he is rich. He has a gold watch with diamonds. Rich means…
  (a) with a lot of money   (b) very tired   (c) very tall
(a) — rich (adj) = having a lot of money. Opposite: poor.
2. The tall man was not Jimmy. Bob was shocked. Shocked means…
  (a) happy and excited   (b) very surprised, in a bad way   (c) hungry
(b) — shocked (adj) = very surprised by something bad. The news is shocking.

D · Word families & word partners

1. You know a friend. Make the noun for the relationship ("Our ___ started at school") and the adjective ("She is very ___ to everyone").
friendship (n) · friendly (adj). "A long friendship." "A friendly person."
2. One verb fits all three: to ___ a promise · to ___ a secret · to ___ in touch with someone. And which verb is the opposite in the first case?
keep — keep a promise / a secret / in touch. The opposite of the first: break a promise.

Now use them — out loud

Talk before we read:
  • Use promise, police officer, rich and arrest: what do you think happens in this story?
  • Which words are about friendship? Which are about the police? Say them in two groups.

The story, in three parts

Read each part. Then answer the questions from memory, and talk about one question.

Part 1 — A man in the dark

It was ten o'clock at night. The wind was cold and the streets were empty. A police officer walked slowly down the road. He checked the doors of the closed shops.

In a dark doorway there was a man with a cigar. "It's all right, officer," the man said quickly. "I'm waiting for a friend. We made an appointment twenty years ago. It sounds strange, I know. I can explain."

"Twenty years ago there was a restaurant here," the man said. "My best friend Jimmy Wells and I had dinner here. The next day I went to the West. We promised to meet again in this same place, at this same time, after exactly twenty years." He took a match and lit his cigar. For one second the officer saw his face: a white face, with sharp eyes and a small white mark near his eye. Then it was dark again.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What is the man doing in the doorway?

2. What promise did the two friends make?

1. He is waiting for his old friend Jimmy Wells. They made an appointment twenty years ago.

2. To meet in the same place, at the same time, exactly twenty years later.

Discuss:
  • The officer sees the man's face for one second. Why is that important? (Think about it again at the end!)

Part 2 — Two different lives

"Did you write to your friend?" the officer asked. "For one or two years, yes," the man said. "Then we stopped. But Jimmy will come, I am sure. He is the best man in the world. He never forgets."

"The West was good to me," he continued. "I arrived with nothing. I worked very hard, and now I am rich." He showed the officer a beautiful gold watch with small diamonds. "Jimmy stayed here in New York. He is a good man, but he is slow. In the West you must be quick and strong."

"I hope your friend comes," said the officer. "Good night." He walked away and continued to check the shop doors. It began to rain. The man in the doorway waited: ten minutes, twenty minutes.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What happened to the man in the West?

2. What does he say about Jimmy?

1. He arrived with nothing, worked hard and became rich. He has an expensive gold watch.

2. That Jimmy is the best man in the world and will certainly come — but also that he is slow and stayed in the same place.

Discuss:
  • He says Jimmy is "the best man in the world" and also "slow". What does he really think about success?

Part 3 — The light in the window

Finally a tall man in a long coat came across the street. "Is that you, Bob?" he asked. "Jimmy!" said the man in the doorway. They took each other's arms and walked up the street together, talking about the twenty years.

At the corner there was a bright light in a shop window. Bob looked at his friend's face — and stopped. "You are not Jimmy Wells," he said. "Twenty years is a long time, but it does not change a man's nose."

"Sometimes twenty years changes a good man into a bad man," said the tall man. "You are under arrest, Bob. The police in Chicago want to talk to you. But first, read this. A man asked me to give it to you." Bob opened the small piece of paper. His hand began to shake. The note said: Bob: I was at the place at the right time. When you lit your cigar, I saw the face of a man the police want in Chicago. I could not arrest you myself, so I asked another officer to do it. JIMMY.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. How does Bob know that the tall man is not Jimmy?

2. Who was the first police officer — and what did he do?

1. He sees his face in the bright light and the nose is different.

2. He was Jimmy. He came to the meeting, recognised Bob's face when he lit the cigar, and then asked another officer to arrest him because he could not do it himself.

Discuss:
  • Jimmy talked to his old friend and said nothing. How do you think he felt in that moment?

Grammar — ago, for and since

This story covers twenty years. To talk about it you need three small words that students mix up all the time.

ago — how long before now. It goes after the time, and it needs the past simple.
• They met twenty years ago. · I saw him two days ago.
✗ ago twenty years   ✗ They have met twenty years ago.
for — how long something lasts. for + a period of time.
• He waited for thirty minutes. · They have been friends for twenty years.

since — when something started. since + a point in time.
• They haven't met since 1892. · I've known her since we were children.

Quick test: can you put a date or a clock time after it? → since. Is it a length (two hours, five years)? → for.

1. ago, for or since?

Write one word in each gap.

1. The two friends said goodbye twenty years .

2. Bob stood in the doorway half an hour.

3. They have not seen each other that night in the restaurant.

1. ago   2. for   3. since

2. Choose the right verb form

Remember: ago → past simple. for / since with "up to now" → present perfect (have / has + past participle).

1. Bob (go) to the West twenty years ago.

2. Jimmy (live) in New York since he was a boy.

3. The two men (not / write) to each other for eighteen years.

1. went   2. has lived   3. haven't written

"Twenty years ago" is finished time → past simple. "Since he was a boy" and "for eighteen years" continue until now → present perfect.

3. Twenty years — complete the paragraph

Write ago, for, since, or the correct verb form, in each gap. Then read the paragraph aloud.

Bob and Jimmy were best friends. They had dinner together twenty years , and the next day Bob (travel) to the West. They wrote letters one or two years, and then they stopped. They (not / meet) that night. Tonight Bob (wait) in the doorway thirty minutes. He does not know that Jimmy (be) a police officer many years.

ago · travelled · for · haven't met (or: didn't meet) · since · waited (or: has waited) · for · has been · for

Look at each gap and ask: is this a length of time (for), a starting point (since), or how long before now (ago)?

Keep these three words ready — in the Speak tab you will talk about your own long friendships.

Going deeper

O. Henry wrote this story in 1906. He wrote hundreds of short stories about New York, and almost all of them have a surprise at the end. He also knew about crime and prison: he spent three years in prison himself, and he started writing there.

The heart of it. Read the story a second time and it is completely different. The first police officer is Jimmy. He arrives on time, he sees his friend's face in the light of the match, and he understands immediately. Then he continues the conversation. He asks questions about himself. He listens while Bob calls him "slow". He says "I hope your friend comes" — and every word is true, and nothing is honest. Then he walks away and sends another officer. And notice the last thing he does: he writes a note. He does not need to. But he wants Bob to know one thing — that he came, and that he kept his promise.

Talk it through:
  • Did Jimmy do the right thing? Say why.
  • Why does he ask another officer to arrest Bob, instead of doing it himself?
  • Bob travelled a very long way to keep this promise. What does that tell us about him?
  • We never learn what Bob did in Chicago. Is that a problem for the story?

Speak

This is the most important part of the lesson. Do everything out loud. Use the timer and try to speak for the whole time.

Useful language: … years ago · for ten years · since 2015 · First… Then… In the end… · I think he was right / wrong because…
Time remaining: 4:00
Task A · Tell the story (3–4 minutes)

Tell After Twenty Years in your own words. Follow the steps: the empty street and the police officer → the man in the doorway → the promise → the match and his face → the story of the West → the tall man → the light → the note.

Use ago, for and since at least once each, and at least five key words (empty, doorway, grow up, police officer, promise, arrest, rich, shocked, friendship, keep a promise).

Task B · Was Jimmy right? (3–4 minutes)

Say what you think and give three reasons. Jimmy was a police officer, and Bob was his best friend. Should he arrest him? Should he let him go? Should he say nothing at all?

Then change sides! Speak for one minute for the other opinion.

Task C · Friends and time (3–4 minutes)

Talk about friendship and about how people change.

No idea? Choose one of these:

  • Describe your oldest friend. How long have you known each other? What do you do together?
  • Make your own twenty-year appointment: where, when, and with who? Explain your choice.
  • Why do friends sometimes stop talking? Give two reasons.
  • Describe your life ten years ago and your life now. What is different?
  • What will you be doing in twenty years? Say three things.
  • Is it always wrong to help a friend who breaks the law? Give one example.

To finish — the big questions

  1. Why does Jimmy write the note? What does he want Bob to know?
  2. Both men kept their promise. Is this a happy story or a sad story?
  3. Can people really change in twenty years? What do you think?
  4. Before you go — from memory: say one sentence with ago, one with for and one with since about this story — and explain why "I have seen him two days ago" is wrong.