SHORT STORIES, LONG SHADOWS · A2/B1 · 50 min

The Garden Party

Katherine Mansfield's story of a beautiful summer party, a new hat, and a girl who wants to stop everything.

Today: you'll tell the story of a girl who wants to stop her family's party — and you'll practise should and shouldn't for saying what is right and what is wrong.
Warm up — before we read. Talk about these questions out loud. There are no wrong answers.
Discuss:
  • Something sad happens in your street on the morning of your birthday party. Do you cancel the party? Why / why not?
  • When did you last disagree with your family about something important? What happened?
  • What makes a party good? Food, music, people, or something else?

Now — the words for today's story

Ten words open the story. Do the four short activities. Say your answer out loud first, then click Reveal.

A · What does the word mean here?

1. The men worked in the garden all morning. They put up a very big white tent, and two hundred people could stand under it.
a tent (n) — a house made of cloth. You sleep in a small one; you have a party in a big one.
2. The small houses were below the garden, in a narrow lane. Cars did not go there. Children played in the road.
a lane (n) — a small, narrow road between houses or fields.
3. After the party there was a lot of food on the table: sandwiches, cakes, ten pieces of bread. Mother put all the leftovers in a basket.
leftovers (n, plural) — the food that people do not eat. It stays on the table after the meal.

B · Which word means…?

Three words: cancel · accident · widow. Say the right word, then reveal.

1. Which word means a bad thing that happens suddenly — for example, a car hits a person?
an accident (n) — "There was an accident in the lane this morning."
2. Which word means a woman — her husband is dead?
a widow (n) — "He was young. He leaves a widow and five children."
3. Which word means to stop something before it happens — a party, a lesson, a flight?
to cancel (v) — "We must cancel the party." Also: call it off (more informal).

C · Choose the meaning — a / b / c

1. Laura felt ashamed of her beautiful hat in the poor house. Ashamed means…
  (a) very happy   (b) bad and uncomfortable about yourself   (c) very cold
(b) — ashamed (adj) = you feel bad about something you did, or about yourself. "I was ashamed of my old shoes."
2. The dead man's face was quiet and peaceful. Peaceful means…
  (a) angry   (b) calm and quiet, with no problems   (c) very loud
(b) — peaceful (adj) = calm and quiet. Noun: peace.

D · Word families & word partners

1. You know to argue. Make the noun: "Laura had a big ___ with her sister." And the adjective for a person who always argues: "Don't be so ___."
an argument (n) · argumentative (adj). "They had an argument about the party."
2. You know to whisper. Is it loud or quiet? Which one is bigger: whisper — talk — shout? Put them in order.
to whisper (v) — to speak very quietly, so other people cannot hear. Order: whisper → talk → shout.
3. Word partners: which word goes with all three? "to ___ a party", "to ___ a photo", "to ___ the bus".
take — "take a photo", "take the bus"… but careful: for a party we say have a party or give a party. English word partners must be learned together!

Now use them — out loud

Talk before we read:
  • Use tent, lane, accident and cancel: what do you think happens in this story?
  • Which words are about a party? Which words are about a sad day? Say them out loud in two groups.

The story, in three parts

Read each part. Then answer the questions from memory, and talk about one question.

Part 1 — A perfect day

The weather was perfect. There was no wind, the sky was blue, and the sun was warm. It was the best possible day for a garden party. The gardener started work before six o'clock. He cut the grass. He swept the paths. In the night, hundreds of roses opened in the garden.

After breakfast, the men came to put up the big white tent. "Where do you want it, miss?" they asked. Laura came out to show them. She was fifteen, and her mother said she was "the artistic one" in the family. Laura still had a piece of bread and butter in her hand, and she felt shy. She tried to look serious, like her mother. But she liked these men very much. They smiled at her. One man picked a small flower and smelled it. Why can't I have friends like this? Laura thought. Rich people and poor people, always separate — it's so stupid.

Inside the house, everybody was busy. The flower man arrived with trays of pink lilies — "Enough for a wedding!" said Mother. "I ordered all of them." Laura's sister Jose played the piano and sang a sad song with a big smile. In the kitchen there were sandwiches, and cream cakes from the baker. The band was coming at three. Laura thought: I am so lucky. Days like this happen only two or three times in a life.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What are three things the family is doing for the party?

2. Why does Laura talk to the workmen, and what does she think about them?

1. Any three: cutting the grass, putting up the big tent, buying lilies, making sandwiches, ordering cream cakes, booking a band.

2. Her mother says she is "the artistic one", so she must show the men where to put the tent. She likes them very much and thinks that the separation of rich and poor people is stupid.

Discuss:
  • Laura is fifteen. Do her family listen to her ideas? How can you tell?

Part 2 — Bad news, and a beautiful hat

After lunch, a man from the shop brought news. There was an accident in the lane, under the garden. A young man fell from his horse and hit his head. He died immediately. He lived in one of the small houses. He had a wife and five children.

"We must stop the party!" Laura said. Her sister Jose laughed. "Stop the party? Don't be stupid. Nobody expects that." Laura ran to her mother. "Mother, a man is dead. We can't have a party today. They will hear our band from the lane!" Her mother said, "People like that don't expect us to change our plans, darling. And you are spoiling everyone's day."

Then Mother took a big black hat with gold flowers and put it on Laura's head. "This hat is for you. It's too young for me. Look at yourself!" Laura looked in the mirror. She saw a beautiful girl in a beautiful hat. Is Mother right? she thought. Perhaps she is right. The dead man and his family suddenly felt far away, like a photograph in a newspaper. I'll think about it after the party, Laura decided. The party was wonderful. The band played, the sun shone, and everybody said, "Laura! What a lovely hat!" Then the guests went home, and the family sat and ate the last sandwiches. "Terrible thing, that accident," said Father. "The poor man had five children."

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. What happened in the lane, and what does Laura want to do?

2. What does Mother give Laura, and how does Laura change after that?

1. A young man fell from his horse and died. He had a wife and five children. Laura wants to cancel the party.

2. A big black hat with gold flowers. Laura looks in the mirror, feels beautiful, and stops arguing. She decides to think about the dead man after the party.

Discuss:
  • Mother does not answer Laura's question. She gives her a hat. Why does this work so well?

Part 3 — In the lane

After the party, Mother had an idea. "Laura, take this basket of leftovers to that poor woman. Take it now, just like that." So Laura walked down the hill in her party dress and her big black hat. The sky was still gold, but the lane was dark. People stood at their doors and looked at her. Laura felt her beautiful dress shining. It was a mistake to come here, she thought. Why didn't I take off this hat?

A woman opened the gate. "Are you Mrs Sheridan's daughter? Come in, please." Laura wanted to leave the basket and run home, but the woman took her inside, into a small dark kitchen. The dead man's wife sat by the fire. Her face was red and her eyes were full of tears. She did not understand why this girl was in her house. "Come, my dear," said the other woman. She opened a door and said, "You'd like to see him, wouldn't you?"

And Laura was in the room with the young man. He was sleeping — that was how it looked. He was quiet and peaceful, far away from parties and hats and music. Everything is all right, his face seemed to say. I am happy now. Laura began to cry. "Forgive my hat," she whispered, and she ran out of the house. At the corner of the lane, her brother Laurie was waiting for her. "Was it terrible?" he asked. "No," said Laura. "It was wonderful. But Laurie — isn't life —" She stopped. She could not finish the sentence. "Isn't it, darling?" said her brother. And he understood her.

Quick check — answer from memory, then reveal:

1. Why does Laura go down to the lane, and how does she feel there?

2. What does Laura say to the dead man? What does she say to her brother?

1. Her mother sends her with a basket of leftovers for the widow. Laura feels ashamed: her party dress and her big hat are wrong for that place, and people look at her.

2. To the dead man: "Forgive my hat." To her brother: "Isn't life —" but she cannot finish. Laurie says "Isn't it, darling?" and understands her.

Discuss:
  • Laura says the visit was "wonderful". A dead man, a crying wife, a dark house — why wonderful?

Grammar — should / shouldn't (+ have to)

This story is one big question: What should the family do? Here is the language for right and wrong, good and bad ideas.

should / shouldn't = it is a good idea / it is a bad idea. It is your opinion or your advice.
• You should drink more water. (good idea)
• You shouldn't send that message. (bad idea)
The form is easy: should + verb, with no to and no -s.
✓ She should call her mother.   ✗ She should to call.   ✗ She shoulds call.
Questions: Should I say something? What should we do?
have to / must = it is necessary. This is stronger than should.
• I have to be home at ten. (a rule from my parents)
• We must leave now or we'll miss the train.
Careful! don't have to = it is not necessary ("You don't have to come — it's your choice"). It does not mean "no".
Past of have to / must: had to. Yesterday I had to study.

1. should or shouldn't?

Write should or shouldn't in each gap.

1. A man died this morning. I think the family stop the music.

2. Laura is only fifteen, but her ideas are good. Her mother laugh at her.

3. Laura take off the big hat before she goes into the poor house.

1. should   2. shouldn't   3. should

Remember: no "to" after should.

2. Correct the mistake

Each sentence has one mistake. Write the correct words in the gap.

1. She should to say sorry. → She sorry.

2. They musted work all morning. → They all morning.

3. He shouldn't goes into that room. → He into that room.

1. should say 2. had to work 3. shouldn't go

should / must / had to are always followed by the simple verb: no "to", no "-s", no "-ed".

3. Tell the story — complete the paragraph

Write one or two words in each gap. Then read the paragraph aloud.

The men (necessary, past) work fast, because the guests were coming at three. When Laura heard about the accident, she said, "We (necessary, strong) cancel the party!" But Jose said, "Don't be stupid. We (not necessary) change our plans for a stranger." Many readers think the family (bad idea) play the music so loudly that day. And Laura? Perhaps she (good idea) go down to the lane in a different hat.

had to · must · don't have to · shouldn't · should

Notice: "don't have to" means it is not necessary — it does not mean it is forbidden.

Keep these words ready — in the Speak tab you will say what this family should and shouldn't do.

Going deeper

Katherine Mansfield wrote this story in 1922. She grew up in New Zealand, in a big house on a hill, with small poor houses below it. In the story, the party is at the top of the hill and the sad house is at the bottom. That is the whole idea of the story: two worlds, very close together, but completely separate.

The heart of it. Nobody in this family is a bad person. They are friendly, generous and happy. But they cannot see the other world at all. That is why the basket of leftovers feels wrong: it is a kind idea and a careless idea at the same time. And the hat is the centre of the story. When Laura sees herself in the mirror, the dead man becomes small and far away — "like a photograph in a newspaper". At the end, in the dark house, the world becomes real again, and Laura cannot find the words for it. "Isn't life —" She stops. Mansfield never finishes the sentence for her, because at fifteen you sometimes understand something new before you have the words for it.

Talk it through:
  • The mother does not win the argument with words — she wins with a hat. Does this happen in real life? When?
  • "People like that don't expect us to change our plans." What do you think of Mother's sentence? Is she cruel, or does she simply repeat what she has always heard?
  • Why does Mansfield make the dead man look peaceful and happy? Would the story be different if he looked terrible?
  • Finish Laura's sentence out loud: "Isn't life —" Say your ending in one sentence. Then say why you chose it.

Speak

This is the most important part of the lesson. Do everything out loud. Use the timer, and try to speak for the whole time.

Useful language: I think they should… · They shouldn't… · She had to… · In my opinion… · The problem is… · If I were Laura, I would…
Time remaining: 4:00
Task A · Tell the story (3–4 minutes)

Tell the story of The Garden Party in your own words. Follow the steps: the perfect day and the tent → the accident in the lane → Laura and her family argue → the black hat and the mirror → the party → the basket → the dark house → "Forgive my hat" → her brother at the corner.

Use at least five key words (tent, lane, accident, widow, cancel, leftovers, ashamed, peaceful, argument, whisper) and at least two sentences with should or shouldn't.

Task B · Should they cancel the party? (3–4 minutes)

Say what you think and give three reasons. Should the family cancel the party, or is Jose right? What should they do instead — stop the music? go to the house? send money? do nothing?

Then change sides! Speak for one minute for the other opinion. It is difficult — and very good practice.

Task C · Good ideas and bad ideas (3–4 minutes)

Laura knew the right thing, but she did not do it. Talk about right and wrong choices — in your life, or in general.

No idea? Choose one of these:

  • A time when you had a different opinion from your family or friends. Did you say it?
  • Three things a fifteen-year-old should be able to decide alone — and three things families should decide together.
  • A party you loved, and a party you wanted to leave. Describe them.
  • Somebody in your town needs help. What should people do? What shouldn't they do?
  • Advice for Laura: what should she do tomorrow morning?
  • Clothes and situations: when should you dress carefully? When doesn't it matter?

To finish — the big questions

  1. Laura is fifteen. What does she understand at the end of the day that she did not understand at breakfast?
  2. Was Mother kind or unkind when she sent the basket of leftovers? Say why.
  3. Is this story only about 1922, or is it about today too? Give one example from your own country or city.
  4. Before you go — from memory: say one sentence with should, one with shouldn't and one with had to about this story. Then say what is wrong with: "She should to go."