A2 • Lesson 16 of 75

Fillers & Hesitation

Managing thinking time naturally

🎯 Fluency
📖 Do Prep First →

The Sound of Thinking

Listen to how native speakers think out loud:

"So, um... what do I think about that? Well, hmm, I suppose... you know... it's kind of complicated, right? I mean, on one hand..."

That speaker used 7 fillers in one sentence! But it sounds completely natural. Why?

The Problem with Silence

😶 ...

Long silence = awkward

Listener wonders: "Are they done? Are they stuck?"

🤔 "Hmm..."

Filled pause = natural

Listener knows: "They're thinking"

Today's Goal: Master natural English fillers and hesitation sounds so you can think AND keep talking at the same time.

The Filler Toolkit

Category 1: Thinking Sounds

Um...
Most common
Uh...
Quick pause
Hmm...
Deep thinking
Er...
British style

Category 2: Sentence Starters

Click each card to learn more:

"Well,..."

Shows you're about to give a considered answer

Usage: Start almost any response with "Well,..." to sound thoughtful.

Examples:

• "Well, I think it depends on the situation."

• "Well, that's an interesting question."

"So,..."

Signals you're starting or continuing a thought

Usage: Great for starting stories or explanations.

Examples:

• "So, basically what happened was..."

• "So, the main thing is..."

"You know,..."

Creates connection while you think

Usage: Mid-sentence filler that invites listener agreement.

Examples:

• "It's, you know, one of those things that..."

• "I just think, you know, we should be careful."

⚠️ Don't overuse! Once or twice per response is enough.

"I mean,..."

Clarifies or expands what you just said

Usage: Perfect for adding explanation or slightly changing direction.

Examples:

• "It's good, I mean, it's not perfect but..."

• "I like it, I mean, who wouldn't?"

"Kind of..." / "Sort of..."

Softens or hedges what you're saying

Usage: Makes statements less absolute while you think.

Examples:

• "It's kind of difficult to explain."

• "I sort of understand what you mean."

Category 3: Tag Questions

...right?
Seeks agreement
...you know?
Checks understanding
...isn't it?
Confirms

Guided Practice

Practice inserting fillers naturally. Say each response aloud!

Question: "What do you think about social media?"

Start with: "Well, um..."

Example: "Well, um, I think it has both good and bad sides, you know?"

Question: "Can you describe your hometown?"

Use: "So,..." + "kind of..."

Example: "So, it's kind of a small city, you know, with maybe... um... around 50,000 people."

Question: "What's your opinion on working from home?"

Use at least 3 fillers in your response

Example: "Well, I mean, I think it's... um... it's kind of complicated, right? On one hand..."

Question: "Tell me about a difficult decision you made."

Think aloud using: "Hmm...", "Let me think...", "So basically..."

The goal is to keep talking even while you're thinking!

The Rhythm Challenge

Goal: Never have more than 2 seconds of silence!

Fill those gaps with: Um... Well... Hmm... You know... I mean...

Free Production: Think Out Loud

Answer these complex questions. The goal is zero awkward silences - fill every thinking moment!

Speaking Timer

2:00

🎯 Topic 1: Big Life Decisions

"What's the biggest decision you'll have to make in the next few years? What factors will you consider?"

This requires real thinking - perfect for practicing fillers!

🎯 Topic 2: Explaining Something Complex

"How does your job or studies work? Explain it to someone who knows nothing about it."

Use: "So basically...", "I mean...", "you know...", "kind of..."

🎯 Topic 3: Unprepared Opinion

"Should schools teach children how to manage money? Why or why not?"

You probably haven't thought about this before - think aloud!

Remember: Native speakers use 2-3 fillers per minute. It's not a weakness - it's natural speaking!

Recall Zone

Connect fillers with skills from previous lessons:

📍 From Lesson 1: Buying Time

What 5 time-buying phrases did you learn?

"Let me think...", "That's a good question...", "Well...", "I'd say...", "If I'm honest..."

💡 Combine! Use a time-buyer THEN fill with "um" while you think: "That's a good question... um... well..."

📍 From Lesson 9: Self-Correction

What's the most natural correction phrase?

"I mean,..."

💡 "I mean" works as BOTH a filler AND a correction phrase!

📍 From Lesson 11: Cause & Effect

Which connector often starts explanations?

"So,..."

💡 "So" is both a cause-effect connector AND a filler. Double use!

Self-Check

📋 Today's "I Can" Statement

"I can fill pauses naturally with fillers like 'um', 'well', 'you know', 'I mean', and 'kind of' so I never have awkward silences."

How confident do you feel?

1
2
3
4
5

1 = Not yet confident → 5 = Very confident

Quick Reference

Thinking sounds: um, uh, hmm, er

Sentence starters: Well, So, You know, I mean

Hedges: kind of, sort of

Tag questions: ...right?, ...you know?, ...isn't it?

Usage Tips

✓ Use fillers to avoid silence while thinking

✓ Mix different types for natural speech

⚠️ Don't overuse the same filler repeatedly

⚠️ Aim for 2-3 fillers per minute, not 10!

← Lesson 15