THE ART OF MEMORY · LESSON 10 OF 30 · PART II: NUMBERS

Choosing Your System

A retired engineer who recited a hundred thousand digits of pi, and how to choose the right number system for the job.

Memory hook: a man reciting pi before a golden circle, with five different keys laid out in front of him to choose from.

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In this lesson: you will compare the five number systems from this part, choose the right one for a given job, and combine more than one in the same session.
Where we left off
What does PAO stand for, and how many digits does one scene hold?
Person, Action, Object. Six digits.
How do you assemble 341526 in PAO?
Person of 34, action of 15, object of 26.
Why avoid giving two PAO entries the same object?
The pictures would leak into each other.

A hundred thousand digits

In 2006, in a public hall in Japan, a retired engineer named Akira Haraguchi sat down to recite the number pi, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, which goes on forever and never repeats. He kept going for hours, with short breaks, far into the night.

By the time he stopped, he had reportedly said a hundred thousand digits, over about sixteen hours. The record was widely reported. It was not officially certified by the record-keeping organisation, so we have to say 'reported'. But nobody doubts that he knew a very large number of digits.

What did Haraguchi reportedly do?
He recited pi from memory, to a hundred thousand digits, over about sixteen hours.
Talk about it. What is the longest number you have ever tried to remember? How did you do it?

How did he do it? Japanese is helpful here. In Japanese there is a long tradition of making numbers into words by sound. Each digit can be read in several ways, so a string of digits can be turned into syllables, and the syllables into words and stories. According to what he said afterwards, Haraguchi turned the digits into stories made of such words, and he learned them in small groups until they were automatic.

That is just what you are learning. The number becomes words, and the words become a story. The details are different, but the idea is the same.

What is the idea behind his method?
He turned digits into words and stories, learned in small groups, rather than trying to hold the bare digits.
Talk about it. Which of the four systems you know most resembles his method?

But notice what Haraguchi's feat does not tell us. It does not tell us that everyone should learn a hundred thousand digits. Most of us need a phone number, a PIN, a year, a code of ten digits on a parcel. For those jobs the best system is the one that is quickest for the job in front of you.

You now have five. In this lesson you put them side by side and learn to choose. A good memory athlete, like a good carpenter, has more than one tool and knows which one to pick up.

What is the lesson of this lesson?
Choose the number system that suits the job; do not use the biggest tool for a small task.
Talk about it. Which of your own numbers (phone, PIN, birthday) would you be happy to keep in your head for good?

Words worth knowing

Say what you think each one means, then open it.

a very difficult thing that someone does well. A feat of memory.
to say aloud from memory. He recited a poem.
to officially confirm that something is true. The record was never certified.
according to what people say, but not proved. He reportedly said a hundred thousand digits.
to join two or more things together. Combine two systems.
to be right for someone or something. Choose the system that suits the job.

Akira Haraguchi's 2006 recital is reported in the press; the figure has not been officially certified. Our own summary.

Five systems side by side

Every system turns digits into pictures. They differ in how much each picture can hold, how long they take to build, and what they are best at.

SystemOne picture holdsSetupBest for
Shape1 digitTen pictures, minutesVery short numbers, beginners
Rhyme1 digitTen pictures, minutesPeople who think in sounds
Major2 digits (a word)Ten sounds, then your wordsYears, phone numbers, codes; works in many languages
Dominic4 digits100 people with actionsLonger numbers
PAO6 digits100 persons, 100 actions, 100 objectsVery long numbers, competitions
One number, five ways
The number 1492.
ShapeCandle, sailboat, balloon, swan: a candle burning on a sailboat tied to a balloon and pulled by a swan.
RhymeBun, door, vine, shoe: a bun jammed in a door with a vine growing out of a shoe.
Major14 = TIRE, 92 = BONE: a giant tyre bounces on an enormous bone.
Dominic14 = A. D. (Anthony Daniels) doing the action of 92 = N. B. (Napoleon, one hand inside his coat).
PAONeeds six digits: add two more (say 18) and use person, action, object.
The picture: The same year, held by one scene of four things or by one person with one action, depending on the tool.

How to choose

  1. Ask how long the number is. Up to four digits: shape, rhyme or Major. Longer: Dominic or PAO.
  2. Ask how long you need to keep it. Till tonight: any quick system. For good: build a scene you will return to.
  3. Ask what you have already built. Use the list you know best. A half-built list is slower than a simple one.
  4. Mix them if it helps. Years in Major; a long code in PAO; an ID number by shape. Choosing is part of the skill.
small number, small tool.
long number, big tool.

Hybrids

Many people mix the Major System for single words with PAO for long strings, so that a number of any length can be handled. There is no rule. What matters is that you can decode your own pictures without hesitation.

Say it aloud. Choose the system you would use for your own phone number, and explain why, in one minute.

Now you build

Have a go before you open any answer. A rough attempt teaches you more than a perfect model you only read.

Which system?

Match each job to the system you would choose first.
A four-digit PIN to remember till Friday
Twenty years and dates for a history exam
A 24-digit code for a competition
A twelve-digit number to keep for a month

Digits per picture

One PAO scene holds digits.
One Dominic scene (person + action) holds digits.
The shape and rhyme systems hold digit(s) per picture.

Encode 3071 two ways

Encode 3071 using the Major System (30 and 71) and using the shape system (heart, ring, cliff, candle). Write both scenes.
Major: 30 = m + s: MOUSE or MASS; 71 = k + t: CAT or COAT. A giant mouse in a cat's coat. Shape: a heart rolls through a ring and jumps off a cliff holding a candle. Which one feels quicker to you?

A number of your own

Choose a number that matters to you (at least eight digits). Choose a system and write the scenes. Say why you chose it.
There is no single answer. Look for: right system for the length, scenes that are vivid, and one sentence saying why.
A friend must remember a four-digit PIN for tonight only. What do you advise?

Defend your choice

Tell a partner, or yourself, which system you will mainly use, and when you would switch to another one.
1:30

Drill

Flash cards

Say the answer first, then tap the card.

tap to turn over

Quick quiz

Which system holds the most digits in one picture?
Which tool is best for a four-digit PIN for tonight?
Why is it important to be able to decode your own pictures?
Can you mix systems in one session?

The memory challenge

Memory challenge: pi to fifteen digits

The first fifteen digits after the 3 in pi are 3.14159 26535 89793. Learn them in five groups of three: 141, 592, 653, 589, 793. Use whichever system you like.

Five groups, five scenes (or one story). Do not just repeat the digits.

0:00

The list has gone. Type what you remember, one item per line.

Look back

These reach back to earlier rooms. Answer in your head or out loud, then check.

Lesson 9 · Person, Action, Object. In PAO, which pair gives the object?
The third pair.
Lesson 8 · People With Numbers. What are the Dominic letters for 6, 7, 8, 9?
S, G, H, N.
Lesson 7 · The Major System. What number is KNIFE?
28.
Lesson 6 · Numbers Become Pictures. Why are numbers hard to remember?
Numbers are not pictures, so the mind has nothing to hold on to.

What I can do now

A thought to keep

Which system do you want to build properly over the next month, and what will your first ten entries be?

Saved on this device as you type.